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AN OUTLINE OF THE DECEMBER REPORT
INTRODUCTION .' *
A,
The Presidential Directive:
A statement of the terms of the Presidential
Directive setting forth the four basic
instructions suoplemented by the President's
he
statement to the Commission containing 14
‘specific questions and several general questions
summarizing the task of the Commission.
Background of the Report:
A brief factual summary of the events leading
to the establishment of the Commission including
the 1964-67 wave of disorders and a description
of the trend in the number and magnitude of
the disorders,
II. SUMMARY OF THE REPOR'
A.
Answers to the President's Questions:
Summary of the answers to certain of the questions
set forth in I-A (indicating questions to be
1
answered in the final report).
Recommended Actions:
Summary of recommendations concerning actions to
be. taken to reduce the extent and severity of
g
civil disorders and to affect the underlyin
eonditions which generate them,
Lai.
WHAT
A.
Reasons for the Interim Report:
A statement of the reasons for the Commission's
decision ta publish its interim report at
this time, an explanation of the Report's
limited scope, and a ‘preview of its relation-
ship to the final report.
HAPPENED AND HOW IT HAPPENED: WHAT DID WE LEARN?
The Composite Profile:
A narrative account of the prototype, full-blown
riot, indicating each major stage, This
narrative would be based upon information
from the field davsebteattonss. At each stage
of the "action" the narrative would indicate
those kinds of incidents which ended at that
stage and those which proceeded to other stages.
Emphasis would be placed on the differing roles
of various groups (youth, looters, agitators,
etc.) at differing stages.
The Analvtic Picture:
A more detailed analysis of the riots in terms of --
1. Type of ebguieatea ee (demographic and other
statistical characteristics) which
“experienced riots as compared with those
which did not.
4
Type of pre-riot climates.
a.
Cu
Levels of grievance and tension and
their causes, including. recent racial
problems and incidents...
Inter-city influences (e.g. outside
agitators).
Nature of ghetto Leadership.
Types of disorders and their severity.
a,
By
Triggering incidents.
Degrees of intensity and duration in
specific disorders,
Patterns of violence and looting as
related to the intensity of the disorders.
Propagation and intensification patterns
within the city (role of rumor, media, etc.)
Type of rioters.
a.
a,
as
Socio-economic, organizational and
So ate
previous arrest background,
Types of participation -- specific’ role
(looters, snipers, etc.) and intensity
of participation in each role.
Location of-rioters:-- the relationship
between the point of arrest and residence,
Degree of organization.
Patterns of propagation among cities.
Build-up of tension thoughout the summer.
fe Os
ie]
b. Geographic spreading: the cluster
effect.
ec. The role of media,
Types of police and National Guard response,
a. Nature of police response at each
stage of developing violence.
b. Effectiveness of these responses.
25 Specific patterns regarding deployment
of forces, communications, severity
of force used, etc,
Interaction among government agencies within
and outside municipal sovermnent .
a. Involvement of the mayor and other
local non-police officials (including
fire department, human relations
commissions, and poverty officials.)
b. Involvement of state and general agencies.
Other responses during the disorders.
a. Negro leadership and oxpenind tiene,
b, White community leadership and organiza-
tions,
Types and extent of injury and damage.
a. Individuals killed or injured.
b. Property damage.
i. Patterns of property damage i.e.,
selected vs. random,
ii. Magnitude of property damage.
1ii.Owners of damaged property.
The Attitudinal Picture:
A survey and evaluation: of the various studies
of Negro and white attitudes which have been
undertaken sinte Watts,
1. With specific reference to civil disorders.
a. UCLA study of Watts. .
b. Spiegel's study of six communities
- Harper's studies of the white reaction
to the Rochester riots
McCord's study of Watts, San Francisco
and Houston |
Milbrath's study of Buffalo
Masotti's study of Cleveland
Kaplan and Lafayette Clinic's study
of Detroit
With reference to Negro and white attitudes
on the general subject of interracial
problems (e.g., Lou Harris Newsweek polls)
IV. THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
A. Violence in America
B. The Roots of Negro Alienation
a 6
- Vi THE APPARENT CAUSES OF GRIEVANCE, TENSION AND DISORDER
A. Causes with High Visibility:
. ie
1, Police-community relations and hostility
toward ‘authority.
2. Black Poet ideology and appeals to wioheace-
ay Rising expectations and frustrations and
decreasing apprehensions.
4. Lack of other means for expression of
*
social and economic frustrations,
B. Underlying causes:
1. Decline in the Stsnath of traditional
institutions of social control (family,
school, church, etc.).
FS 2. Decline in the legitimacy of authority in
| Zelatton to matters involving issues of
social justice,
. 3. Social pathology of the ghettos.
a. Confinement (racial compound)
| b. Lack of employment and income
va a c. Low quality of basic services and
facilities
d. Feelings of powerlessness and lack of
“stake in the society
e. High rates of crime and violence
VI. RECOMMENDATIONS RELATING TO THE COMMUNITY'S CAPABILITY
Sees .TO MAINTAIN LAW AND ORDER,
A. Recommendations Relating to the Reduction of
Grievances and Tensions Which Lead tec Civil
Page 6a
(To be inserted betwi
* ss
1. The role of city government with respect ‘to
ghetto areas.
a. Mayor and Council
b. Local agencies (other than police)
Gy" Police
2. Role of the Seaniaaaey at large.
3. Role of the minority community,
B. Recommendations relating to the control of disorder and
mass violence,
Response of the city government and police
a.
Strategic intelligence (knowing what
to expect).
Tactical intelligence (knowing what
is, happening).
Decision making (controlling the response).
Communication (fighting rumors with
facts jn riot areas and in the community
at large).
Negotiation (contacting participant
> group leadership).
Police, fire and military operations
ae
Preparation (planning and training
and emergency logistics).
Integration of command (centralized
control of operations).
Tactical communication (maximizing the
effectiveness of the response).
How to mount effective tactical operations .
and control the degree of force
(protecting against escalation by
o
accident).
‘Administration of justice
Identification and recordation.
Detention.
Arraignment.
Bail,
Counsel.
Speedy trial:
Vit.
Vill.
IX,
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ACTION PROGRAMS
A, What Are We Doing Now:
Li Description ue major program groups
in terms of type, scope, objectives
and success. a
2. Analysis of the system in terms of
a. Delivery of services.
b. Effectiveness. |
c. Relationship to civil disorder.
B. What We Can Do-Immediately:
1. Principles (visibility, cost,
administration, structure, etc.)
2. Existing program reforms.
3, New program directions,
4. How to do it in terms of funding.
a, Redirection of existing federal
program commitments.
b. Increased efficiency of federal and
local programs.
¢. Private sector participation,
d, Additional joint federal-state-local
funding.
RECOMIENDATIONS WITH RESPECT TO MEDIA PROBLEMS.
RECOMMENDATIONS WITH RESPECT TO INSURANCE PROBLEMS,