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r- (/1ue(_ e rf l ~ £ ~ ·1 963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 18207 petition from a race whose increasing education would refute t he dogma of its Innate !nferlorlty h a ve inhibited the atta inment of justice. Impa t ience ls due in p art to the fa ct tha t some Negroes h ave att ain ed a c ollege educa tion. Thus there is n ow a n ar ticulate core to voice the lon gings of the voiceless m asses. They h a ve p erformed the s am e service for their r ace a s t h e artlcula te craftsm en p (lrformed for the peasants at the b irth of d embcr a cy in the 17th cen tury. Moreover, they have given evidence, particularly in the realm of sp orts a nd the arts , in theater a nd concert ball, a nd in the n ovel that the vicious theory of their Innate inferiority ls a NEED F OR EFFECTIVE CIVIL RIGHTS f raud. Their leaders in these fields h a ve LEGISLATION spa rked the flame of the present r evolt as Mr. H UMPHREY. Mr. P residen t, I much as the students d id with their orlgask unanimous consent th at t wo r ecent lna.l sit-Ins a t the lunch counters and t h e ir !reed.om rides. articles reportin g import ant statements on the n eed for effective civil rights Since the r ecord of the white P rotestant Ch u rch, except for a f ew h eroic s_pirts, ls legislation from outstanding church sh ameful , .one m ust record wlth gra titud e leaders be printed in the R ECORD at the that Negro ch urchlnen h a ve been consp icuconclusion of m y rem arks. The first of ous among the l ea ders of the revolt. The these articles, Mr. President, is taken Negro church in the person of Dr . Martin from the August 31, 1963, issue of t h e Luther King h as valida ted itself in the llfe of the Negroes and of the Na tion. New York Times and r eports an action The impa tience of the Negro will not subtaken by the Methodist Conference on side until the l ast vestiges of legal a nd cusuman Relations at a n ational meetin g tomary inequality h ave b een r emoved . Revof 1,100 delegates representing 10 milolutions do n ot stop h alf way. The n ext lion Methodists. That statement called step has been .outlined by the President's for Federal and State laws "that wm new legisla tive program , which ls the n a tuopen all facilities serving the general r al fruit of the lncreaslng tension of wh at public to au· persons without r egard t o he b as d efined as our "moral crises." The legisl ative progra m as proposed seeks ra ce." Equally as important it called to outlaw d lscrlinlnation 1n a ll priva te com upon all of the churches wi thin the demercial ventures on the b asis of the 14th n omination to make certain tha t n either amendment a nd the intersta te commer ce their good name nor their funds be used clause of t he Consti tution. It will not p ass in any way to permit racial discr imina without a grea t p olitica l struggle . If su ction. This is a very far -r each in g policy cessful it migh t p ut t he legisla t ive ca p s tone and one that should be both commended .on the emancipation of the rnce. But t he r e trea t ing white suprem acists are increasingand copied by others. The other article, Mr. Presiden t. taken (From Christianit y and Crisis , July 8, 1963] ly desp erate. Their murders, their p olice d ogs a n d their t error h a ve con t r ib u t ed as f rom the July 8, 1963, issue of ChrisTHE MOUNTING RACIAL CRISIS much to the m ou nting ten sion as the impa tianity and Crisis, is an excellent stateThe sim plest explanation for t he Increas- tience of the Negroes. We are, 1n short, conm ent on the importance of congressional ingly urgent d em onstrations of t he Negroes fronted with the ult imate , or a t leBBt p enulaction on civil r ights. It is t ypical of agains t disfranch isement, s egregation 1n t imate, cha p ter in the lon g h istory .of overthe growing sent iment among church- school and church , lun ch counter an d public com ing the Amerlca.n dilemma . men of all faiths. This statem ent is not c onveyance, and against every public custom Of course la ws ca nnot fina lly change t he affronts t h e dignity of the hum an b eing,' recal citrant. Their prejudices dictate cusbased upon self-interest . It is not based tlshat tha t the Negro fee ls-as we al l ought to toms tha t a re a t war with the explicit law upon group interest. It is based upon f eel-tha t a century ls a long time to wa it n ation al interest and upon moral for the ellmlnatlon of the "American dllem- of t h e land a nd t h e law t h a t Is written in to the h eart. These prej udices are, in the Ia n - . grounds. What we do h ere 1n the weeks m a." guage of St. P a ul, "an other law In m y m em Discriminations agains t a r a ce In the pres- bers warring against the l ay., .of my m i nd.' immediat ely ahead is going to be watched ent historical context a r e as .offen sive to the closely by these good people. They h ave One ca n only h ope t h a t t h e church will be chosen the standard of their measure. conscience of m a n a nd as unbea rable to t he mor e effective In restr aining and transm u t v ictims of discrimin ation as sla very was in It is not put in terms of dollar limits or i ts d ay. If we r ecogn ize tha t the present ing these vagr a n t a nd r eca lcitrant p assions the n umber of stores 1n the ch ain or the situ a tion ls mor e u n b earable to the vict ims of m a n tha n it h as b een in the p a.st. The t ype of public service. It is put in terms of injustice tha n i t ls offen s ive t o t h e con- cont r ibution of Roma n Catholicism Is a n of equal treatment of all cit izens with out science of m en , we a re confronted by the other s tory. Protes tants might begin the n ew ch a p regard to race. I hope and pray that h ardness of the human h eart, even a mon g terWe in our nat ion a l life b y contritely confeswe will h ave the good sense to write a those whose h ear ts h a ve b een s oftened by · sing t h a t evan gelical Chrlstla nlty b as failed h uma n sympa thy and the st irrings of con- to contribu te slgnlflcantj.y to the solution of bill that will meet this test. There being no objection, th e articles science. Try a s we wUl we c a nnot feel the the gra vest social Issue and evil thnt our Na t ion h as confron ted sin ce sl avery . were ordered to be printed in th e REcoRD, p a in of others a s vlvld1y a s they d o. If we should s till find it a m yst ery tha t RN . as follows : this burs t of r esentm ent h as com e in a [From t he New York Times, Aug. 31, 1963 ) p eriod in which the lee of the long Winter METHODISTS B ACK CIVIL RIGHTS P LAN-WOULD of injustice ls brea k ing-after the Sup reme ] F EASIBILITY OF ADOPTING THE BAN DISCRIMINATION B Y THOSE SERVIN G Court d ecision on segregated sch ools h as METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIG HTS PUBLIC g iven urun!stak a ble evid en ce that t h e law AND MEASURES CHICAGO, August 30 .-The Methodist Con - .of the Nation ls now unequi voca lly on the Mr. PELL. Mr. P resident, on Tuesference on H uman R elatl6ns called today for sid e of justice and durin g a n ad ministration <Federal an d State laws "th at will open all t h at h as shown m ore concern f or r a cia l day, October 8, 1963, the White House fac111tles serving t h e general p ubllc to a ll just ice than any previous one , d espite the r eleased the first r eport of t he Consumer Southern b ase of the r egnant p arty-we Advisory Council which r ecommends , persons without regard to race." Support for such a policy, a major issue in have only to consider t h a t social revolt ls n ot, wi th oth er proposals, t hat a study be pending civil r ights legislation in Congress , as Marx though t, mot ivated b y p ure despera- made by an appropriate executive dewas contained In a statement approved at a tion. I t ls m ot ivated b y both r esentments partment or agency of the desirability national meeting of 1,100 delegates repre- and h opes, particularly by h opes deferred, and p ract icability of conversion-by the which "maketh the h eart sick ." senting 10 milllon Methodists. The statement took the form of a farThe Supr eme Cou r t h ad -promised inte- United Sta tes-to the metric system . I ranging message to the denomlnation's grated sch ools "With a ll d eliberate speed ." applaud this r ecommendation of the churches that urged church units to employ Yet a d eca d e has p assed without obvious Council, for it adds substantially to the their e conomic power to aid integration and progress. The customs .of the Nation, the growing weight of opinion th at such a. advocated t h at the 135 church-related col- pride of the dominant r ace, its f ear of com- feasibility study be made. At bottom, this business Is an aitta.ck on n o less a thing than r epresen tative governm ent. This Is oo because Congress ls the only part of the Government which ls literally and p reolsely representat ive in structure a n d character. Wha t the scr eamers, therefore, are really r eaohing for , whe ther they know It or not, Is a kind of p eop le's r epub lic where p u b lic policy woul d be exclusively in the hand s of a Presid ent who, though q uite democratically a nd lawfully elected, would t h er eafter be under no r eal check at all. l eges, including m any in the South, be opened to aJ.J. r aces. In urging t h a t Meth odist schools , colleges, . llospitals and other ins t itutions b e opened to a ll r a ces, the document proposed "that the name of the church a nd 'funds from it.s budget shall be withdrawn from any institu tion pursuing a policy contrary to this r ecom m endation. The messa ge also sta t ed, " We a re prou d tha t Methodist yout h s h ave p articipated in nonviolent demonstrations in b eh alf of r a cia l j u s tice a ll over :the land. Sp okesmen expla ined that t h e suggestions are a d visory. They will b e submitted on a petition to the Methodist G eneral Conference, the top legislative b ody of the d enomin ation, which will meet in P ittsburgh n ext s pring. The message p r oposed : That "investment funds, s u ch as those of ·the boar d of pensions, b e u sed t o help a chieve Integrated coxnmun.itles." Tha t chu rch u nits develop "a progr a m of investment only with compa n ies h aving n ondiScr imlna tory p olicies" and buy goods and m ake contracts only with compa nies tha t d o n ot discr imina te in hiring. Tha t members "work towar d full integration of schools" a nd assist in voter r egistration. Tha t bishops " prep are the grounds" for assigning p astors and dis trict superintend ents without r egard to r a ce. Tha t the 1964 gen eral conference of the church take fur ther st eps to m erge t h e cen tral jurls dlctlon, wh ich ls virtua lly a ll Negro, int o the five regional jurisdiction s. " We cannot pre vent anot h er p erson from approaching t h e a lta r of God b ecau se of his r ace wi t hout being gu ilty of grievous s in ," t h e m essage d ecla r ed . The m essage was a p proved by a sh ow of h and s at the closing session of the confer ence. I 1· �CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - 18208 Since I first introduced S. 1278 on April 4, of this year , calling for such a study by the Nation al Bureau of Stand ards, I · have r eceived communications of suppor t from m a ny diverse groups and individuals--professors, professional engin eers, persons concerned with intern ational tra de, editors of m agazines, and others. In a ddition, the Depa rtments of State, Commerce, and Defense concur that such a study would be very useful. T h e Committee for the Study of t he Metric System of the American Geop hysical Union h as done notable work in this field. The committee h as polled · a n umber of professions with r egard t o a dopting the m et ric syst em , a nd h as tur ned up some rather startling figures. The average of some 19 different groups contacted , who consider such a chan ge a dvantageous to them, was a very high 94 percent. Those who felt our export tra de was suffering because, we h a ve n ot adopted the metric system, was 69 per~ cent; and those who felt such a changeover is inevitable, 70 per cent. At this point Mr. President, I should like to h ave reprinted in the RECORD two documents; one the progress report of the committee and the second, an address by the comm ittee's chairman, Mr. Floyd W. Hough enitled "Why Adopt the Metric Syst em." There being no objection, the pi·ogress r eport and address were ordered to be printed in the R E CORD, as follows: P ROGRESS REPORT OF THE COMMrrrE E FOR THE STUDY OF T H E M ETRIC S Y STEM IN THE U NITED STATES Flo:,d W. Hough, Chairman; Carl I . Aslakson, Finn E . Bronner , John G . F erris , Helmut E. Landsberg, G. Medina, John A. O'Keefe, Milton 0 . Schmidt , Lansing G . Simmons, George D. Whit more, Julius C . Speert and Thomas Dand o as alternates; and L . V. J u dson, consultant. At the May 7, 1958, business session of the American Gi!ophysical Union the Bronner r esolu t ion was passed unanimously request ing President Ewing to a ppoint a special committee of the AGU for t h e study of the metric system in the Un'1ted States. The resolution, printed in the Tra.nsa.ct ions of J une 1958 (p. 558), direoted the committee to report at the May 1959 m eetlng. Accordingly, t he P r esident a ppointed the special committee noted above. The committee 'held Its first m eeting on Octob er 29, 1958, an d h as h eld f our su bsequent plen ary sessions interspersed with a n umber of partial m eetings of working groups. Con-espondence was opened wit h / A. H . Hughes of London, deputy chairman of the metric comm1ttee of the British Associa tion for the Advancem ent of Science. The Br itish committee h as ·p arallel tnstruotlons to those of our oommlttee with the a dded fea ture of considering the conversion of their present m on etary syst em to a decimal system. Our commi t tee enter tain ed Hughes a t a lunch eon during h is visit h er e on December 28. This was f ollowed by a n interestin g session a t which t he sim ilar problems of t he t wo countries were dlscussed. Several m em bers of t h e oomm1ttee a t tended t he m etric system d iscussion at t h e December m eeting of t h e American Associa tion for the Advancement of Scien ce. The va riou s m e mbers of t h e commlt tee have m ad e Independent s tudies on the ad option of the met ric system In the United States a nd submit ted r eports on such phases as: the effect on industry, the effect on foreign trade, t h e effect on Gover nment (Including State and m unicipal) , the advanta ges a nd d isadvantages of the m etric system, t h e history of t h e m etric system In the United States a nd Its u se In foreign countries , t h e Introduction CYf the m etric system into the schools, publlclt y programs, best m eans of making t he tran sition , a nd prop er a,pproach to Congress. It was early recognized by the commit tee that an ini tial poll must b e taken to ascert ain the feeling of the scientific field on the quest ion of a change to the metric system . Accord ingly, a sub committee was ap pointed to draw up a. suttable questionna ire and a T A BLE Oh a n gc ad v antageous (question 3) Present u sa ge (question 2) - .....s. .8 .. I•• .. i i .. d z

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