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ter Bias & the Law

uction 30 States, Some Cit ies for Bar Discrimination in Public Accommodations r for a t or tne

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New York Agency P enalizes l\{otel for Barring ~ egroes; St. Louis T avern Is F ined

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~~,a:~Some overs.la I e outlook .ontract.als ver to next

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cmg list of lie election laion of exrenewal of abroe.d for ramping of /y d i.!ap- i,rilialive !nl.1 farm · high for continue hard hit -ceeed 3.4. 4. million •. Earlier er Caribpped the . . started l ion tor1l! the deft· ier yean . \3 and_ 2.1 !OW brmg11 t , up from -year high to knock s lness. ding next Ord 1 bl!\ites take each tllls ,e 30 w:111 lest heap pply laat in mid· teat glut e,,-...1 gtorage of the farm storage n the SOuth· now: a year ores o( cit · I many ternwill be torn Bl 60~ fro»i the ot!llcd 1.3 -om s bi~ 1e corry-

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a Jasl year Ins In Callquallly, so be crushed Is year la ,bove 1962. m seedless up to $(1, _ _ Lessons for Congress? By Wll.1,!AM E . B LL'Nl)l:LL St,:,f! R~por ur of T mc W ALL Srru:n Joun:<AL States and communities lncreMtngly a re banning d!acrimlnatlon In such place., tl.ll reslauranll!, U1ea ters. resorts and hoteis. a fact generally overlooked In the current Con.;-ressional baltle over the " public accommodalions·· section of P resident Kennedy's civil rights bill. Though opponents of the Administra tion propoaal a re charging the provision to b:in discrimlnation in public places Is either unenforceable or an Invasion of Individual rights,

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h~116:31, 29 December 2017 (EST)~°:~~- 143.215.248.55:

0 ~i!:;;sf;~~ In general, Negro leaders are pleased with the effectiveness ot the state laW3. ' 'There a r e some states where the laws aren't worth the paper they are printed on, but on the whole the state statutes are working out very well," says Robert L. Carter. general counsel for tlle National Association for tbe Advancement of Colored People. " We' re de· lighted at how closely most of the people concemed have been abiding by them." .\lore City Onliuancu As might be expected, state Jaws against discrimina tion in public accommodations are concentrated in tlle North and West. Not a single Dixie sta te has adopted .such legislation. But in some sta.tea which have balked at enacting such Jaws, citi es have adopted measures. Among them are St. Louis, E l Paso. Wllmlng• ton a.nd Loulsville. Tulu city officials are considering an ordinance agains t discrimination In public places soon. Most .states and cities have set up ela OOrate enforcement machinery to back up their statutes, although tlley usually try to settle disputes by pr ivate negotiation before taking sterne r measu res. In New York. where anti• discr imination laws :ire among the m ost stringent ln the country. the Slate Com mtssion for Human Rii;hUI generally seeks to persuade a bus inessman who appears guilty or discrimination to mend his way.a before it takes forceful action. For example, not long ago a young Negro couple from New York City decld,d to take a brief vacation "It a re110rt motel near Al· bany. N.Y. They made reservatlona by phone and drove to the motel. But when they arrived the owner turned them away. Incensed, the couple complained to the Human Righb COmmlsslon. Afte r a talk with commlu ion olf!cla la, the motel owner agreed to pay the Negroes $ 150 as compenaaUon ror their troubles. He also was r equired to display a commission poster stating h!s motel abides by the New York law banning dlscrlminaUon ln public places. U a New York busine11Sman balks , he la

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right.a group can order It halted and can U.!le local or state courts to Insure com pliance. Quiet Settlemcnta In St . Loonh1 Mmt violations are settled quietly away from any court. "Businessmen gener ally shrink from a public a iring of their violations," says W. J . Duford, an official of the St. Louis Council on Human Relations. The council h!UI had to go to court only once since the city adopted a public accommoda tions ordinance In 1961., In that Instance. the offender - a. tavern owner who refused to serve Negroes-was 1 1 ~ s: f~:s i~ ~ : : s!t~;d ~ ~%u/:u~~h=~ti:143.215.248.55 : :ln~~:

~'.:;11;: MrSl)~u:o: t·serve!"ll suggest that bus inessmen

t back In often prefer public accommodations !egialation

1 /5ea!ifi1~~ : o;~u;o~; ~h!:'f.: 1f: ~~:de~ ~;;'n,':':1se }: :~ In the like de J . Pemberton, Jr., executive director of the on so far American Civil Liberties Union: "The buslncssl9&2. m an who's been afra id to stand out by de· segregating on h!s own can safely 11ay to a dverse public opinion, 'Look, I had lo. It'e lhe 1lning un- law.' " rcuts the An am usement par k operator in one Midl concen- western city went i;o far as to pri\'atcly request, ·om the that the local right.a com mission bring him t0untries . before a public hea ring over his refusal to Uganda, integrate a .swimming pool at the park. "He 10w aella wasn't adverse to integration, but he didn" t 1 than a want to leave that lmpresi,lon." explains a 1g tools. comm\!!,.'!!on official. A!le r the .show of r esistelectric ance. tlle park operator waii "forced" to bow to tll(' commi8sion's wi3hes. Courh1 U11hohl La ws 11 J1ri('e Though Southern lcg!slato,ra a re atta cking lhc F ederal b!!l as a n unconstltuUonal Infringe. ns on mcnt of private property rlghUI, state courts 1rough have upheld public accommodations Jaws. In For Kansas City, for example, one big r estaurant dings owner filed a test case attacking the consti• i7.000 tutiona.lity of the city ordinance banning dis· diet. crlmlnatlon. but the Mi!<.!IOUr! supreme court ruled In favor of the city. In gcr,era l. .state 1 to courts have ta ken the view that any curtail• last ment or property rights resulting from public t 5 a ccommodations laws Is outweighed by the tted "publ!c good" Inherent ln anti·bia.11 legislation. ,nly To be sure, di1crlmlnation in public places M.S ha.s not been wlped out In states and cltlu 1 of with public a ccommodA.UOns laws. Many bU.!11· her nessmcn atm resist Jntegratlon, a lthough they don 't cite r ace as tlle reason for not adm itting Neg roes. Dick Wlll!a ms, a young Negro mem.

ber of tlle Congreas of Racial Equality In Ch!· cago, recently entered II South State Street burlesque house on the heels of two whites In sport shirt.a. The whites were sealed . but Mr. lght Williams was told it was now "evening" and that he would have to have a tie. "Funny how uit.s, night falls ISO suddenly. Isn't It? I thought ot ga in getting a tie and coming back, but I just Clore didn't bother," SA.Y~ Mr . Willlams . ,day New York has ha d trouble with defiant 5 or ba rbers. One ln Nassau county, a subur ban than a,rca on Long Island, wanted $5 to cut a. Negro gal· Jx,y'1 hair : the usual rate for youngsters wu Jive· 7$ centl . The ,;hop posted a 1tgn saying: , Plca8e Tum to Page H, Colwn11 3 �