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\Vhy They Cry Black Power .O utbreaks in Atlanta he sense of belonging to one human family can :tlonc sa\'c this planet. But the time is short before h:ite shuts the doors. The time is· coming when we will regret the billions wastecl in Vietnam. The time is coming when we may regret the · · number· of Negroes we have trained there in guerrilla war. There is hardly a city where the Negroes do not already dominate the strategic areas through which the affiuent comm(Jter passes on his way to the inner core. SNCCs hostility to the war is not disloyalty but wisdom. We cannot rebuild that .s ense of community so essential to our bcloved~.country's fu:ure by engaging in a white man's war in Asia- while a black nan's revolt rises at home. ~, in e1e '.) ,r e y SNCC'S VERSION OF WHAT HAPPENED IN ATLANTA lf/e 1ho11gh1 (J ur n ·_,J ,,rs 11·,,11/d lilt· 10 Jt:t' Sf\:CCs ,-er1iu11 of u•h,11 , J>,11 lud th,· ,1t/.;111/,1 ,·iot.<. Al.11·.',,11 R.1rr.~ of SNCC' J IY/ ,11hi11AI0 11 office J:,11·,.-, t he f,1JJo u ·i111,:. :ll°f t; unl /IJ the.> / )r,?JJ Sc/1/ , R o,: hi; n'/11'1! from Atl,1111.1 u·hae h,· u •.11 tJ/l,·11di11x, tJ S/\'CC 11:orklho/1 ,,,J,,·n t he (,r,1 r, 111h,·,·,d uccurr.-d Sc/>!. 6: • At appnn: i11l.Ht·l r l I ~ p .rn . two whitl' pcili(ttn t·n ~ro p pt.·\! J 1. J r d ri \·t:n hy H .trul,i Pr.1t h t·r. .1 -' ' · '-·l·:l r 1d,f ;\;l·).:rP. -.1. hr > Ii\(:\! t i nf .1 hlot k J\1,,·.1r. Tiil· 1. nt ' '" f" r n i l';Jtl:c r Jt <.J pi:11! .1,t·n u c .1 rki <) r r:11)n .t ~: l\u o rdin.1! t 11 : ') o r ~IJ p t: r,un"' v. 1,._, ,, 1tnc·.S. 'th! t h e 1n\ 1J t:nt. Prather jun:1,cd f1u 111 thl' (,If .Hh1 r.,n .! n,! ,, .1, , hnt thrt.T t ir~H....... br o ne of the w h itl" t,ftiH·r--.. " l' r.1 tht·r kep t ni,;,in.~ .1t ;t \t·ry !-h ,w ~pct.·1.I and was ti red upon a,,:ain as he: tric·J to gc-t to h,~ hom,· Yi .,( J hl", k away," sa i<l one: w itness. He: fi nally ma,k· it :tnJ ft.I I o n the pord1. I mmc:diatt'i y after !ht· s hoot ing, a aowd of l ~O ro 200 pt·rso ns _gathc:rcJ a t Prather's hou~t' to protest tht' shooting. Tht·re wcr<' n c1 SNCC pcoplt- prc:sc:nt. Stoke-Icy Carmichael , SNCC d1:1irman . n·turn - . ing from a radio inttrvic:w heard about tht• in,id(·nt 0\'c:r thc: raJio and went to the sten<:. The p <:0ple there were \'Cry anj\ry. The . lo cal people wanted Carmichael to come back and help organize a pea(eful protest dc111on:Hratio n . It wits ,allt-J for -I p .111. Witnesses Asked to Speak At approximately 3:30 p.rn . two SNCC 1x·oplt arrivcJ at Capitol A\'e. and Ormond St., the: sn~ne of the d emonstration ; 200 µcop lc w<:re the re . The !oral people: h a<l ,nad<: thc-ir own s i~ns a nd .- gone arouhd in th,: various n,:;ig hborhomls informing their frien<ls as to wh:1t had hapl'C:nt·J . At 3 :/4'.i p .m. Hi ll \\:1 :irt·. l'rojcct Jircct6r fo r s;--.:C:C', A t lanta Projto:t . anJ thrt·t· othn SNCC pt'Ople arri"ed with

1 ".,u nd rru,k .

\X' .rrt· .t,kt-d tht· :1s,t:rnhlt-,I pc·oplt- what haJ hapl'<'!lt·,l Jn,! th,·\' b<",1:.rn t<' tdl !,ii,, _ \X ' :ir" , :1 iJ tht· whole: grrn, p ,houl d kn,," wl1.1t h.1d lr:q ' J'l'l\<',i JnJ J,l.;,·,I ,i "l!n<·~-,,-, " "u l,I tel l :ihout t h,· 1nt. id c: n t ()\er tla · puhli \ .lr.. l drt·\ ~ ;\ r ~t (·n t. . ~t·l'l: r.rl 1'l'f,11n, hq.:.111 t, li ,n,,.: "hat the)' h.i.i ,,Tn. Poli, .: o th«" 11nm l'di :lldy 11111\'ni rn and t,,Id \X' an: to turn ofl th<: P.A . <\·. tu n. \X1 :1n.: info rmed the rolill·nKn th:11 ht· w:rna·d to stop , um, >r s :111,l makt: s ure that e veryone: km·w what h:rJ happt·ne,t'. The p,)li«·nKn i m mt-xliatdy arrestc<l W a re . Another SNCC worhr :1 ·kt:d if p,·opltstill wanted to ta lk . The lotal ptoplt: said "y(·s ." The talking continued and police arrested tht SNCC perso n . This made the cro wd a ng rier. They demandt:d tha t police relc:ase the two SNCC people. The local pc-oplt said that they would sit in the stret'ls unti l the two persons were released :ind the Mayor suspended the policc-m:in who shot Prather. T he police me n t ried to remove people and arrc:steJ snmc w ho· liv<:d in th(: m:ig h borl,o od. T he a rrests were immediatc:ly protested b y the· crowd , h u t to no a vail. T he peop le really got :ingry and started p ushing some: of the officers a nd sevc:rnl bottlc:s _W<·re thrown . M ay_or 1-.·.rn Allc·n a rri vt•d o n th(: scene and h roug h t with hun I 50 -200 wlute i"'li,<·11wn a nd an :irmo rcd tru( k lo ad ed w ith w h_ite mps, machim· 1.: uns mJ otht·r riot equi1, mc:nt. White offic<:rs w ith shotguns w~c ,t:1tionc:J a ll alo n ..: the: st rc.:et. A t tha t tirn<: M ayor Allen tried to lead th(' crowd to the Atlanta stad ium some: 4 o r 5 blocks away. T h e crowd rc:fused to leave their nt•1ghborhood. T he c rowd was also a n.~ry hc:cause all of the white otfin·rs had mach ine g11ns anti shotg uns, hut tht: Negro otficers had o nl y t hc.:ir pi stol s. This rt·allv S<:t tht' crow d off. ttottlcs. !'>ricks a nd oth <:r ob jects " 'tr<: t hrown ;11· thl' whi t<· nllir,·r~. What the Protesters Wanted Allen trit·d to ta lk to tht· pt·opl<: ( rom· ;1to1' a pol in· ,ar but th<'y would n u t listc:n b<:cause tht: crowd wantt-d one of their h:~<lt'rs to ta lk anJ not A llen. The h lo, k lt"J<lcr w ho got on top of the ca r J e mand ed that I ) w h ite cops g et out of th<:r<: with mad1in,· gun~ and sh o tg u ns, 2) the release of all those lllegJlly and unju,tly arrested. anJ 3) the cops be fired who shot the young Negro. The crowd ch tered the demands but Allen refused 10 answer. He refused to address himself to their grievances, at which time he was toppled from the police car. Theo 50 to 60 cops rushed into the crowd and start<:<l hitting and pushing people. Mayor Allen thc:n directed that tear gas be use<l to disperse th<: I 500 people who were on the scene. 'Tear gas them or tear those houses down," Allen shouted. All 400 to 500 officers began firing their pistols und shotgum wirhnut warning. hOfh in t he a ir an,! al the c rowd. It WJS a ter rify . CONT. P. 3 �i!i.W.. ATLANTA RACE RIOTS - THE 11 0THER 11 . S1DE PRESE" !TE Dooo cont . frol]l P. 2

n_g exp<;rience. Unarmed people were assaulted bv ·o.fficers armed

with tea r gas, pis to ls, machine guns and shotgu ns. Never seen anyrhinj: like it. Little ki ds, 7 or 8 y<_;a rs old were hit with tear gas , .11,-; -'t•rs. Black women were clubbed to the g round. Anyone who was nu, .. - fi st enoug h was iinmedi.1tely arrested and thrown head first in the p. _ :; wagon. Cops fi red tear gas ind_iscriminately into the ho mes of Black people who were not even on the street. Litt le kid s came o ut gasping for air. Cops went onto Black people's rorchcs to beat and arrest them. D uring th is period, several police nu-s were stoned, and several poF •1e, " e inj ured. During all of this, the attack was directed by . .. Ivan Alkn . He ordered little kids tear-gassed. H e ordered whit<· , . ..,~ to bea t and arrest black people. SNCC's Role in t he Outbreak Now as to SNCC's role: 1) SN CC has only one pro ject in .Atlanta

rnd that is in an area call ed V ine Ci ty whi ch is on the other side

of the town from the disorders. 2 ) SNCC has neve r worked in the nt·i~hhm hood where the disorders took place. 3 ) It was the shooting of the young Negro by the whi te cops, then subsequent arrests of SNCC peup l<:: that made people angry. 4 ) T he local people themst: h·l'~ made the signs and got th ei r fri nds togtthcr. 5 ) Stokdey C.arn1i r hnd d rove throug h the area on ly nftcr th e: disorders began. (, ) Mus t of ... ':' ·rr . ·'"> pie arri, ,-d on the: · scene after the crowd h:1.I iia tht·red and police "" hi·a ting peo pl(·. 7) The focus should ht· on Mayor Allen and his r. rr, ps anJ not SNCC. A t 11 a.m. that day SNCC members h.,J P,0 1. the Maror·s office with a complaint com:ern ing police officials. ,. , -~ time Mayor A llen refused to speak with Lhe gro up and d ismis.. , 1 .. ~ by stating, "You're out llf line; in Atlanta which is known for its r.jr and equal rreatment of all citizens.:· �October 17, 1966 Mayor Ivan Allen Atla nta City Hall Atlanta , Ga . Dear May or Allen : I have for some time want ed to express my thanks to you fo r speaking forthrightly c oncernin so many i ssues, inc luding this gube rna torial race . vhile your views have not been popular in many qua rters, you nonetheless had the pol itica l co urag e to speak wha t was ri g ht . Your courage in the r a cial tens ions of recent days were also to be admired . I wish y ou success in the coming days of this administrati on. Sincerely, Al an ·vexler 905 Rome St . Carrollton , Ga . �I �- o2 - . w~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -P ~ ) ~ ~ ; Lu~/ ~ -./~ ~ ~ -;I;: ~ ~ -ft ~ ~ Ii~ It ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ; _ _ p ~ . ~?6-U~~ ..J ~ ~ ;i;~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ -P~ ~ - , ~~ ~ ~ ��., ��,..- ..

M{)y(.)r :t """ f/1 ff-;< 11 ,f-(a-4-t" 60,'f' 1< C,,ty t ).]. JI .e.,;11 -- ��ATLANTA, GEORGIA PHONE 522- 4463 CFORM 25-6 �Atemo DATE October 7, 1966 From CHARLESL.DA~S Mrs o Ann Moses To-- - -- - - -- - - - -- - - - - Dobbs House will not bill for the coffee we received from them on September 6 for the Police Department. Party to contact or write Mr . B. F. Buttrey, Vice President, Dobbs House, Atlanta Airport. C.L.D. �SYMBOLS CLASS OF SERVI CE DL = Day Letter This is a fost message u nless its deferred char~ 3Cter is indic3tcd by the proper symbol. W . P. MARSHALL CHAIRMAN OF T HC BOARD TELEGRAM '.f\, NL=Nigh, Lener R. W. McFALL PRESIDENT LT= Inrern:nion:il Letter T clegram The filing t ime shown in the date line on domcsric telegrams is LOCAL TIME at point of orii;in . Time of receipt is LOCAL TIME at point of deS1ination 935P EST OCT 11 66 AA649 BA8S4 B AHC589 NL PD , AH NEW YORK NY 11 MAYOR IVAN ALLEN CITY HALL ATLA STRONGLY URGE YOU INTERCEDE TO HAVE BLACK ANTI-WAR . DEMONSTRATORS RELF.ASED FROM PRISON WHILE AWAITING APPEAL. THIS UNWARRANTED AND DEPLORABLE CONFINEMENT VIOLATES CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION AND MUST BE STOPPED LROBERT L ALLEN JR CHAIRMAN AFRO-AMERICAN FOR SURVIVAL• SF1201(R2-65) �ATI.A SHOCi<ED Tllt\T TOU CONTUl)E TO S'UILE U:;AL PIOTEST "CAtNST A vn IHICM. llAS BEEM DESCRIJIEP AS • lllST utllOPUUI VAR Af£RICANS HAVE 8EDI XN'IOLfD nt•. PROTEST A<:AINST TK\T lltl Yll.S SF.EN _STF.ADILT l«rUKfl*,:. ACROSS TRE COUHTRY COVERNKE'NT OFFICIAL~ OOKP£t.U:DT0 LIST£1f TO TIIE JUST C:IIEYARCtS' or PIX>f>L£ OPPOS.?HC DR. bPECJ'ALLT BIA~ PIDPLE W1I) J'JIII) 'fllEIISEI.HS CAllli:ltT IN ;.Jil'OIIEI PlllSE OF vtCJDUS CTCLE nPJnllC TUD coarr1011 IN PIS m-,rat IN ' .. NP 01l£R CITY llAtt.. on ICIAI.S ~en, tflt MQ£a OF AUUTfC OFJ'IClAts. ~ - T:EH PEISONS AUESTED t:AJti.'f LAST IDffl AND $1"11.L...lm.l) _VlTIDUT PEIKlSSIOff TO P1'l" • MIL COIISTITltft All Aff:CM'f 1rf cm OF - ATV.lff'A TO CbS1l NOTES! ff Bu.CK PEOPLE 11D llEJECT PallTIC!PATIOlf Of c:£~C.IDE ACAIIIST 'ltETRAM• TUE VtET'llAIESE A•E IEtMC . / c./ \ s.;'~t~:rs 12 7 0 (1-5 1 ) ¥ �1ft -· »t:N!FJ> Q)fffROL OF TWR DESrINI!S AS BLACK Pt'OPU: !N TMIS O>UNTRT ARE DOOE'r> COK'rllOL Oi TMtllS• VE' DE~ffll THAT Tlf.E TEN BE GIV'EN Tllt Rl'.t;ffr T~ ltJt pa,"css BY A.LUlWIHG: 1.111:Pf TO m: .,Pfl)£1J Otrr. tmGE. 1'>Ul lfllttl'tIA.TE Act"D'Jlt STlroEMI'. IDMV'!flt..£Jf( Clj011JfHATING: -comunu 10Q Fin'H AV£N1f.t. SUITE g()J tfP1 1'0Rx. "y .I 1 270 fl.J't ( 1- 5 1 ) �i POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT ROUTING SLIP TO : BUREAU, OFFICE OR ID APPROVAL ROOM NO. ID SIGNATURE 10 COMMENT Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. ID t----~--------------+--------1 0 2 I SEE ME AS REQUESTED D INFORMATION t----------------------i----------<I D READ AND RETURN I I D READ AND FILE t------"--'~~- -=-----------+----------,I D NECESSARY ACTION 3 4 ID INVESTIGATE t------'-"-'-='-------------+---------.,. .,, t.l ·~ .,. . �Atlanta and LA There are mayors and there are mayors. Mayor Ivan Allen Jr. of Atlanta has been 1a:tely in the news, his city having been the scene of racial rioting even though it is the mos,t advanced of major Southern cdities in the enlightened handling of its racial pTOblems. Mayor Al. !en not o-Il!ly acknowledges the problems but concedes that his ' city has not pl.'logressed as fast as desiraMe in eliminating them. In stark cont rast to most Southern politioia,ns, he testified in favor of the public accommodaticms section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, saying Federal law in this area was necessary; he has favored the open occupancy section of the civil rights bill which p•aissed the House of Represenrtartives. Throughout the riotilng in h1s city, Mayor Allen was on the scene, in the thick of it, literally r isking life and limb. He didn't remember a speech he had to give in another part of the state, excuse himself from duty and take off. He didn't limit his efforts to the obvious cries for ·support of the police in the face of violence. He worked closely and constantly with Negroes and whites trying to ·restore order. One has the feeling that if Mayor Allen of Atlanta were appe~ring before a Senate committee there would be no need for questionling concerning his leadership abilities, but that if such questions were asked, and no matter how severely phrased, he would have meaningful answers, for his city and for himself. He wouldn't plead helplessness. There are mayors and there are mayors. �G. VANCIL 3422 E. 56TH PIACE TULSA, OKLAHOMA JfilIN HONORABLE IVAN ALLEN MAYOR CITY OF ATIANTA CITY HALL ATIANTA, GEORGIA ·--~- ·- ��,- ',,,-- / ,/ / J / �.,..\\nrtiott- BOT SHOPPE] 5 16 1 RIVE R ROAD WAS HINGTON , D. C. 2 0016 J. W ILLA.RD MAR R IOTT CHA.I ID:1.AN OF T HE BOARD September 19, 1966 Atlanta, G e orgia D e ar I v an: I thought th e e nclosed e ditorial from the Washington Star was a v e ry good on e and that y ou w ould like to s ee it . Many of us are proud of the stand that you have tak e n on Civ il Rights. In my opinion it is th e ri g ht s t and. I hop e y ou ge t eve rythin g strai g ht e n e d out the r e for I know it is difficult. N ex t tim e I am in .Atl a nt a I w ill g i ve y ou a call. B e s t w ishes alw a y s . Sinc e r e l y, /~~· J. W illard M a rr io t t Encl osure �,, ' -~t· The Week in Perspective OPINION Obituaries, Weather B WASHINGTON, D. C., SEPTEMBER 11, 1966 Dead End Awaits the Black Power Road EDITORIAL The arrest of Stokely Carmichael gation of last month's trouble in the Anacostia a rea is a case in point. That affair, involving a clash between Negroes and police, has been under study by a group of prominent citizens appointed by Commissioner Tobriner. Its co-chairman is Sterling Tucker, a respect ed Negro leader. The study group has reached no conclusions. In fact, it is just beginning the job of drafting its report . Yet Adam Clayton Powell, whose posit ion in Congress entitles one to expect something better from him, has charged into print with the accusation that the investigation is a "whitewash " and that the committee has too many "mild-mannered Negroes." Following this lead, Julius Hobson, who heads the group known as ACT, paid his respects to "pasteurized Negroes" on the committee who, he said, would sell oth er Negroes short "for a and two of his SNCC lieutenants on charges of inciting last week's riot in Altlanta may mark a turning point in what appears to be a struggle for supremacy beitween the moderate and the extremist elements in the civil rights movement . The importance of the decision by Atlant a's Mayor Allen, who has taken a strong lead in behalf of Negro rights, -lies in one simple fact. Public officials, assuming that the requisite proof is in hand, must be willing to prosecute a Carmichael or anyone else where a serious offense is involved. If for a political reason or some other reason they will not take firm action against a leader, how can they expect those in the lciwer echelons to respect and obey the law? And, of at least equal importance, wh y should anyone suppose t ha;t--the moderate civil rights leaders will speak out and act against violence 1! the civil authoribies are unwilling to do so? This is a testing year, a year in which events may d-et ermine whether good sense or "black power" in its ex~ treme manifestations will carry the day. It will be t ragic 1!, because of weak knees in oity hall, it should be made to appear that the rock-thrower and the Molotov cocktail are the wave of the fut ure. There is risk of oversimplification in discussing the moderate as opposed to the extremist wings. There is good reason to believe that a very large majority of Negroes do not support and are even opposed to the extremist tactics. This does not necessarily mean, however, that all moderates will condemn t he extremists out of hand. Some of them may even derive a certadn vicar1- .. ous saJtisfaction from the excesses of a Carmichael or an Adam Clayton Powell, [ even though t hey know in their hearts that an appeal to black power, for ex' ample, can eventually lead only t o a 1 dead-end street as far as any perma- I 1 few pieces of silver. " To -the ext ent that 'Trouble I got, man-what I want is progress!' nent advancement of civil rights is concerned. In this connection, it is interesting to note t he results of a recent survey conducted by a respeoted polling agency in Watts, Harlem, Chicago a nd Baltimore. The questions were asked by trained Negro pollsters. And the responses revealed that most Negroes, even in the ghettos, want pretty much the same things that most white people want . They want better housing. Not surprisingly, since they are the principal victims, they are worried about crime, and th ey are more interested in adequa,te police protection than in talk about police brwtaJity. They want their children to have a sound, disciplined education. In Harlem only 2 percent of t hose interviewed said that school integration was t heir greatest problem. The real educational problem, in the majority opinion, is the pressing need for better neigh borhood schools. Again, a cautionary note is in order. It does not necessavily follow from the survey findings that most of the people in the ghettos are against violence 1:n pursuit of their reasonable objectives. In Watts, for example, 48.4 percent ot those interviewed think the rioting there helped their chances for equali~ in jobs, schools and housing. Only 23,Q percent believe the rioting was harmful d The obvious in eren e tro{n h1 1 that the demagogue, t-he racist-in-reverse, will find his best opportunity tn the ghettos and that this ls why he makes his major pitch there. It hould be borne 1n mind, however, that the ghetto is not synonymou With the N gro commi1111ty tn the United s anyone fn Washington takes Powell and Hobson seriously, this sort of demagogic prejudgment is as harmful as it is outrageous. And it should not be allowed to go unchallenged. Althoug·h not aimed specifically at the Powell-Hobson combination, the executive board of the District chapter of the NAACP h as just approved a resolution which is a reflection of responsible thinkihg by moderate leadership. The resolution, offered by H. Carl Moultrie, president of the local branch, said that t he NAACP "must condemn with equal Vigor the gath ering Of crowds to protest the arrest of an individual, or individuals, as it does any form of police brutality." If witnesses think the police are guilty of brutaJity in making an arrest, the resolution continued, ~here are appropriate avenues, including the NAACP, through which corrective action can be sought. But "violen ce on t h e part of a person, or persons, or gr oups of persons, must be unequivocally condemned." The resolution ended with an expression of· hope that "all other organizations do the same as we in calling· for law and order." . _so far the call from other organizations has been considerably less than deafening. The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, however, has just denounced "black power" in any context of violence. As the struggle within the civil rights movement shapes up, and if public authorities follow Atlanta's example in cracking down on violence and incitement to violence, the country should hear before long from other mod- erate voices. F �those interviewed . think the rioting there helped their chances for equality in jobs, schools and housing. Only 23.8 percent believe the rioting was harmful t o attainment of this objective. The obvious inference from t his 1s t hat t he demagogue, t he r acist-in-reverse, will find his best opportunit y in the gh ettos and that t his is why he makes his maj or pit ch there. It should be bor ne in mind, however, t hat t he ghetto is not synonym'.bus with t he Negro communi ty in the United States. Many Negroes do not live in ghettos. The moderate Negro leader, however, has a responsibiUty to help allevialte the conditions in the ghetto. And he also has a responsibility to st and up and be counted in oppositiion to those who seek t o exploit the distress in the ghettos for purposes of their own-from mot ives which are ~~ best dubious and which in the long run can only retard the drive of the Negro for his equal and righ tful place in the American society. Here in Washington, t he investi- a-own n n cm,nc,c----,. . - - - - ample n crac and incitement to violence, the country should h ear before long from other moderate voices. For if one thing is clear, it is thait fut ure progress in civil right s depends upon co-operation within the framework of law by whites and Negroes whose dedication to equal treatment and equ~l opportunity is genuine rather than opportunistic. If an yone doubts this, let him look at what is happening to t he 1966 oivil rights bHl iI\ the Senate. There certainly is nothing to be gained in the fu ture by following those who think or who p,r etend to think of progress in terms of black power, and who talk nonsense about burning down the city to get what they want. An important thing for everyone to remember is t hat gains can be lost . And one way to reverse the national mood which has produced so many very substantial civil r igh ts gains is to enlist an army under the racist . banner of hot heads who want the Negro t o go it alone. �LLOYD W. TAGGART BOX 560 CODY, WYCMIN13 September 12, 1966 The Honorable Ivan Allen Mayor Atlanta, Georgia Dear Mr. Allen: We are disturbed to read in the news of the rioting and unrest in Atlanta. We are proud of your courage in the face of the mob but we are also concerned with your safety. You have waged an enlightenment campaign to better the plight of the negro in Atlanta. You have been recognized nationally for the job done. We are convinced your strong vigorous approach to violence is proper. We can't vote for the Mayor of Atlanta but we sure support you. �MEMORANDUM September 13, 1966 From PAUL QUENEAU Ivan Allen .. To._ _______________ ____ Dear Ivan : I read in "The New York Times" about your many achievements and your recent "Civil Rights" troubles . Con gratulations on your record to date . Have you noticed the odd slant this newspaper (see enclosures) gives to " student committee". Surely it should always be "S tudent Committee" so as not to convey a wrong impression to the reader . Elsewhere in their columns capitals are judiciously used or not used, i.e., " Black Panther" and 11 Panther 11 ; " police force" and "police brutality" . Best regards, �NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1966. !ATlANTA NE~ROE~ I RIOT AfTER POU~E WOUND A~U~PE~ Tear Gas and Gunfire Cur Angry Crowd-Mayor Is Toppled From Auto By GENE ROBERTS SptdalttJThtNewYortTlmPI A'JJLANTA, Sept, 8-Rioting Negroes fought the police with bricks and bottles today and toppled the city's Mayor from the roof Of a car when he at- 1 ~ led to calm th<\11- The pollce quelled the vlo Jenee by tossing canisters of tear gas and repeatedly firing pistols and riot guns above the heads of the Negroes. At least a aozen Negroes, two' ot them members of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the militant civil rights organlza.tion, were taken into custody by the police. The disturbance was touched off In midaftemoon after the Police shot and seriously wounded a. Negro who Willi sus• pected of car theft. Cry for 'Black Power' Within three hours ot the shooting more than 4~ Negroes, tnclutllng several members of the ~ were rushing through m!!!S,e. the streets shouting "Black power- police brutality." One police car was overturn@() and windows were smashed in several others. When Mayor Ivan Allen Jr. rushed to the scene and climbed ' upon & police car to talk to the rioters, they surged toward him and rocked the car &Cain &nd again until the Mayor, !b.aken but uninjured, tumbled to the street. The 55-year-oJd Mayor scrambled to his feet and then raced about the riot area, which Is only two blocks from the new $18-milllon Atla:nta: Stadliml. "Go h ome," be pleaded "Please go home." "Don't go-slay here and protest police brutality," said lpembers ot the student committee, who walked behind the :Mayor, The police said Stokely carmlchael, the committee's 25year-old chairman, had reached tree-lined Capitol Avenue soon atter the shooting and told Negroes that "we're going to be back at 4 P.M. and tear this place up." Two members of t h e ~ ~ . Wlllie Ware and Bob Walton, were taken into custody by the police while touring the area ln a sound truck, urging Negroes to gather to protest the shooting, '-rhey were bringing different people into the area," Sgt D. J. Perry, a Negro Police officer, told newsmen, "and they were saying that the man had been shot whJle handcuffed and that he wa..s murdered by white 1 police." The police dented lions. The wounded Louis Prather, was reported by ' a spokesman at Grady Memo- C<Gllnued ~ Colwnn I ~f T t. U - -·· ..... .Lct-.:.1~ �Un lttd Pms Jnttmatlona l Clblrphoto AT LANTA i\l A \'OR AT IU OT SCJ•:N~: Mayor Inn .Allen Jr .• right, holding handker• chief a fter police used tea r gas, gestures to N'ei;ro residents to enter their homes. Ea rlier, he had been toppled fro m a pat rol ca r aft er he had mounted it to address an angry crowd , ATLANTA NEGROES BATTLE POLICEMEN Continued From r age J, Col, 4 rial Hospital to be in "poor condition." 'An E:q1lo11h·e Art:,' "This is an explosive area and th~ [the police] come down here and shoot a. Neg·ro. Good God almighty," said Cleveland Sellers, t he stude9t conv ~ ' > project and , program director. "People here arc just reacting to police brutali ty." Otlier s.N.C.C. officials on Gapitol .\_venue during the rioting were Mrs. Ruby Doris Robinson• executive sec retary of

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1 ~:naE,fe;d o~n~he zation's New York office. In the beginning, the missilethrowing was sporadic. But after the police used tear gas to rout a group of bottle throwers, Negroes hurled volley a fter vol• Icy of bricks and bottles. At one point, the police thre\\ tear gas into a home, whic they sai d had been a center of bottle throwing. A mother, he fi ve small children and her grandmother were forced into the street. The nearly hysterical mother, Mrs. Imogen-e I:;indley;-22---yean old, and the rest or her family, were taken to Grady Memorial Hospital in an ambulance. Across the street f rom her house. a white sedan had been overturned and its windows kmashed. A resident of the N cgro district said that "some white fellows': had bcc11 in the car. Three Negro men stood on lhe curb nearby and watched two white men walk past. The Negroes chant: "It's gonna get dark after a.while." T he violence surprised Mayor Allen, one of the few Southern pffi cals who has advocated civil rights legislation. Except for tension in recent weeks between the police and advocates of the black power philossophy espoused by t he = an\ec,emJi\W:· .143.215.248.55 16:39, 29 December 2017 (EST)!3 b~.~~ tality" complaints that ha, e eightened tension in other ities. Atlanta desegregated its hools without incident five years ago under a Federal court order. Since then it has become known as one of the South's ode! cities in race relations. tlanta Negroes hold nine seats n the state Legislature and freely patronize most of the tity·s restaurants, movies an nightclubs. The rioting also stunn inany of the city's Negr leaders. The Rev. Martin Lut~e J{ing Sr., father of the c vi ights leader, and the R v. alph Abernathy, an aide to the younger Dr. King, toure he area after dark to help ead off any recurrence of th ftcmoon rioting. �BLACKPANTHERS PICKET ASCHOOL Anti-Integration PartyWould Boycott P.S. 139 in Harlem By THOl\'IAS A. JOHNSON Harlem's recently formed Black P anther party, an antiintegration g roup of articulate young militants, staged its first direct-action demonstration yest erday-picketing a local school. Twelve of Its members were promptly a rrested. The charges included disorderly conduct. Representing what appears to be one of the most enthusiastic of Harlem's youth-oriented "black power" organizations, the Black P ant9ier members are attempting to organize a boycott of the old and decrepit Public School 139, on 139th Street between Lenox and SeventJh Avenues. "Many of the brothers [party members] went to this school," a party official said as he watohed a picket line of 15 in the a.f.temoon that replaced the demonstrators arrested during the morning. Officials said 80 per cent of the school's 1,200 pupils attended, a nd said most of the a bsences were normal for the first day of school. Their boycott demands include the placing of more Negro educa tors in supervisory positions, the teaching of African and Negro history 11,nd the promotion of ,t he neighborhood-school concept so that "the administrative structure reflects the ethnic composition" ot t Jte nelgborhood. · Parents' Position I The local P arents Association has long advocated similar r eforms, but it does not back t he Black Panthe s, although some ?Jarehts .do. Isa, pro-integration parents who are In a dispute With the Board of Education at Intermediate School 201 nea rby do not want the new party's support. J3lack Pantljfr officers refuse .£o ffiscuss the number of members, but observers estimate their hard-core enthusiasts a t about 30, with almost 100 members in all. They say t he group is popular among 1 Harlem's you_ng u lb::l!.~tan!§, An an~algamation of con- venience with t he New York Congress of Racial Equality was broken recently when a Panther member got into a '11st hght with a white CORE worker during a joint demont ration. The party does, however, have t he backing of the black nationalist Harlem People'. Parliament, made up mostly of the African-robed Yoruba Temple. The People's Parliament interprets t he Position on education r e irst step toward the eventual total Africanization of all ttarlem schools. , With basement offices at 2409 Seventh Avenue, the patty got off to a. running start with a series of mass rallies and fundraising affairs; the publication of highly detailed po ·ition papers; the inauguration ot the Malcolm X Liberation School tfor members only) and the boycott. 'l'hey look to the chairman of the Student Non-Viol nt Coordinating Committee, 25-ycar-old tokely Carmichael, as their "elder statesman." They took tll ir name from the £lack p~.tru:.r.. symbol of the Lown Ni 1:;oi'ffity Freedo Orga.niza tion that r. C rm1chael founded In Alab ma in 196 • The p rtv l v med b 1:5-mcrnber conunltt e lfa · n 11.' rage ngc of 2·1, and Im lcclion o! p rm n nt of!lr. asPa,\hGf �An- a.n:ialgama 10n o convenience with the N ew York Congress of Racial Equality was broken r ecently when a Panther member got into a ?1st !igtit with a white CORE worker during a joint demon- , stration .. I The party does, however, have the backing of the black nationalist Harlem People's Parliament, made up mostly of the African-r obed Yoruba Temple. The People's Parliament , interprets the Panther position on education as the Iirst step toward the eventual total Africa.nization of all ~arlem schools. , With basement offices at 2409 Seventh Avenue, the P1!I"tf got off to a running start with a series of mass rallies and fundra ising affairs; the publication of hig;hly deta iled position papers; the· inauguration of the Malcolm X Liberation School (for members only) and the boycott. They look to the chairman of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, 25-year-old Stokely Carmichael, as their "elder statesman." They took their name from the black pan.t!:!m:.. symbol of the Eownaes "County Freedom Organization that Mr. Carmichael founded in Alabama in 1965. The party is governed by a 15-member committee with a n average age of 24, and plans elections of permanent officers - i.--....,.....,.in November. At present Eddie 1 Ills, , fOrm1 at'yl:)U ,r. ganizer, speaks for the group. Leaders Write for Magaz.lnrs Like .several of the party's leaders, Mr. Ellis <is a freelance writer. He and Ted Wilson, 24, and Larry Neal, 27, also party leaders, have. contributed to such organs of militant Negro thought as The Liberator and they plan to write for a similar magazine now in preparation called Pride. Other leaders include Donald Washington, 30, a forlner aide to the late Malcolm X, and Walt er Ricks, 27, an organizer for Haryou's NeighboFhood Boards. The party organizers sought to put together a visible entity that wm get something done in Harlem. one official said. It plans to run candidates for elections "eventually, and to Influence all local elections from now on," he said. The leaders declare that "organization brings strength, ·strength brings unity, unity brings power and power !brings freedom. The ipa11ty gives tacit support to the Black Panther Corps, a black-shirted paramilitary unit that wears the shoulder in ig• nia of a leaping panther. �SD NC. C. ASSAILED" . ON ATLANTA RIOl City Officials Show Anger, but Criticism by Negro Leaders Is Tempered By ROY REED Special to The New York Times ATLANTA, Sept. 7 - The . Student Nonviolent Ooordlnatlng Committee,. .chief advocate Of black power, encountered mounting hostility today as a result of the Neg-ro riot here \ yesterday. White officials and state pollI ticians placed all the blame fot tho riot on ithe student commit~ A few Negro leaders added cautiously worded criticism, bu others said a potential for racial explosion had existed in he.no area '"ft)r some time. Mayor Ivan Allen Jr. and Police Chief Herbert Jenkins promised stern offic~al action to keeg the studllnt committee from inciting trouble. "It is now the Nonstudent Violent Committee," Chief Jenkins said as he announced that the police force was strengthening its riot control organization. "We must and will deal with it accordingly," he said. Several candidates for the ' on Page 36, Column 1 ' Continued �] .N.C.C. ASSAILED ON ATLANTA RIOT Continued From Page I, CoL 4 I Democratrl.c nomination for Governor in next Wednesday's primary joined in the condemnation. . Ellis Arnall, the most liberal of the candidates and the election favorite, said th:e student, ~omm,ittee was "shameful. "I denounce black power, racial violence, insurrection and civil anarchy," he declared. Stokely Carmichael, the 25I year-old chairman of 1lhe ~ " mitte&, who made famousthe cry of plack power, was singled out for severe denunciation. Mayor Allen, clearly angered, said : - -'-'"J.1'- Stokely- Carmiehael is looking for a battleground, he I created one last hight, and he'll be met in whatever situation he cares to create." However, some disputed whether Mr. Carmichael had created the battleground. Dr. King Comments The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, who was in Chicago t oday, ' issued a statement through his Atlanta office. It said: "It is still my firm conviction that a riot is socially destructive and self-defeating. On the other hand, while condemning riots it is jus t as important to condemn the conditions which bring r iots into being. "A r iot is the desperate language of the unheard. What has America failed to hea r ? It has failed to hear that the economic plight of the Negro p·o or has worsened and that the promises of equality have not been m et." The C ommunity Council of t he Atlanta Area, Inc., recently studied the area where the rioting occurred and reported that the chances of an outbreak were "good." It cited poor h ousing, dislike of the p olice, few r ecr ea tion facilities and s kepticisrn toward the city's p romises of help. Some r esidents of ,S ummerhill, the scene of t he disturbance, met today to draft a list of grievances t o present to the city. Committees w· go from door to door to gather complaints. The Rev. Roy WilliaJJlS, vice president of the summei·hill Civic League, contended 't hat the swdent committee had whipped them up with hate" yesterday. But he added: "I have told our city politl· cians we were sitting on a powder keg. Conditions here are some of the worst in Atlanta." The scene of the Tiot Is a deteriorating neighborhood tha has almost completed a transi ,t ion from white to Negro. The stud.ent commtttee reportedlYi Tas worked itnere severa months. Yesterday afternoon, a cit~ detective shot and wounded a fleeing N eg,ro he w~ trying to arrest as a suspected car thief. Several hundred angry Negroes ,g athered and soon were join lby leaders of •t he s91den.t comitte P'.!Ign;rlng the pleas Of Mayor Allen, some Negroes attacked the poliee with stones, sticks and bottles. The police broke up the mob with tear gas and by firing guns into the air. William Ware, the committee's Atlanta proJec 1recfor, was charged with 1nciting to riot and creating a distu1·bance. He had entered the neighborhood in a sound truck and denollJlt:l!d the pollcP.. His hond wa/1 set 1tt 10,050 and he r mained ln jail today. ·1xtee11 person. were lnjur d, seveml cars wcrr. damaged and between 60 and 70 p~r. on.,; were 1 $Ufe;t arrested during the rioting, whic)I. occurr d on Capitol Av · "" tum t,!,.,. i'l' M• nt • · �door to door to gather complaints. The Rev. Roy Williams, vice president of the Summerhill Civic League, contended 1lhat the student committee had "whlppeci them up with hate" yesterday. But he added: "I have told our city politicians we were sitting on a powder keg. Conditions here are some of the worst in A!tlanta." I The scene of the riot is a. deteriorating neighborhood that has almost completed a transition from white to Negro. The student commit-tee reportedly "mis worked •tinere several I mont hs. Yesterday afternoon, a city detective shot and wounded a fleeing Negro he was trying to a rrest as a suspected car ,thief. Several hundred angry Negroes gathered and soon were joined lby leaders of the student com~ r i n g the pleas of Mayor Allen, some Negroes attacked the police with stones, sticks and bottles. The police broke up the mob with tear gas and by firing guns into the air. William Ware, the ~ture;t committee's Atlanta proJec 1rector, was charged with inciting to riot and creating · a dis- . turbance. He had entered the I neighborhood in a sound truck a nd denounced the police. His bond was set at $10,050 and he remained in jail today. Six.teen persons were Injured, several cars were damaged and between 60 a...TJ.d 70 persons were arrested during the rioting, which occurred on Capitol Avenue two blocks from Atlanta.'.s new $18-million .stadium. About 750 city policemen were in the area and 300 state police troopers stood by. A large police force patrolled the 11rea toda.y, but only a few Incidents were reported. About 10 persons were arrested this afternoon when they refused to break up a street-comer "black power" rally. · Fire Bomb Thrown A Molotov cocktail was throw into a building a t a nother Negro area about two miles away early this morning. The building, 'housing a tire company, was heavily damaged. Four other less serious fires that officials considered possible case of arson were reported. Fire fig hting was hindered because about 500 firemen are on strike. Atlanta officials never have been friendly toward the t deot cmnmi~ee, which has id its headquar ers here since it was organized in 1960. But the

tttitude has become more hostile in recent months as the

organization has turned toward black power and way from nonviolence. The st~de~t 1,ammjtte,e has been iifvo ve in at least two other disturbances In Atlanta in the last month. First, a. Negro crowd tried to free a committee worker who was being arrested on a. traffic charge. A few days later, several committe~ members -were among a. group of anti-war demonstrators who tried to force their way into an Army induction center. �. ... ,... o1 .. . ..,. , . Mayo r Ivan Allen, Jr . 3700 Norths ide Drive, N.W. Atlanta, Georgia __j �PAUL QUENEAU ·oLD ACADEMY Ro.AD FAIRFIELD, CONN. _J ��������I Injured as Hundreds.of Negroes Riot, Tpss Rocl~s at Police, Smash Cars Here Defy Allen, Repulsed by Tear Gas G LCNN I GEOQ.C.l P.. S_T_ . __ . I _ [ _ At least 15 persons - includA< ing four policemen - were injured Tuesday afternoon when hundreds of Negroes rioted near

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'L OV C ST, the Atlanta Stadium after being egged on by members of the a~ Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in the wake of the police shooting of a Negro auto theft suspect. Sixty-three persons were arrested before the riot was quelled. SCENE OF TROUBLE The rioters ignored pleas of reason from Mayor Ivan Allen Jr., who braved thrown bricks in his efforts to restore peace, and were halted only when city police fired warning shots in the afr and discharged tear gas about two hours later. As police reinforcements arrived in the neighborhood, centered on Capitol Avenue and 01 mond Street SW, the officers broke out shotguns - which apBy DICK HEBERT peared to incense the crowd. A grim-faced Mayor Ivan WHY THE GUNS? "Why the shotguns? Why the len walked into the middle of shotguns?" the crowd shouted. jeering, angry throng of N ~® es.daY ternoon a if ! 1 l~ I In Middle Of Moh--The Mayo ,.. Staff Photo-Robert Connell ~_!- �tec t you." • p•.~ ·rn;~IS t1=::;-;==--=~~ --mg over peacea~---y. Standing shoulcTer to shoulder in the center of . a chanting crowd of hundreds, Allen said through a portable megaphone: 'LET'S GO' "How about listening to me a minute now? How about letting me speak? I'm going to Constitution r epor ters cov- walk up Capitol Avenue to the ering this story were Dick stadium - and if you want to Hebert, Keeler McCartney, come, let's go." Negroes repeatedly asked the Michael Davis, Bill Shipp and mayor, "Why are there only Charles Moore. white people with shotguns?" and bottles at the officers, hit- The mayor answered, "In the ting some. first place we don't need any The mob started to break up shotguns, and I'm not here with only when the officers began anything. Ain't nobody going to firing shots over their heads get killed and you know that." ROCK CAR and firing tear gas. CARS OVERTURNED After the crowd refused to folAt the peak of the riot, one low him to the steps of Atlanta police car and a civilian's car Stadium and refused to hear were overturned and members him as he stood above them on l}_f the mob tried to overturn two the roof of a police car, the paddy wagons. Police and the Negroes rocked the car and al\lehicles of white people were most turned it over.

toned as they drove through

Allen was pulled down but he

othe area , and several wind- landed on his knees and climbed

a shields were shattered. back onto the car. · Shortly before midnight Mayor At @ne point, a Negro in a red ' Allen surveyed the scene and sh.irit climbed on top of the car s_aid, " I think the people who ~ith Allen and pointed a finger live here have gone to their mto Allen's face, spitting out the Continued on Page 12, Column 1 words, " Black power! ,, REPEAT CRY The crowd took up the chant as its leader brandished his fists m the air. Allen stood watching rimly. A few minutes later the Capttol _Avenue area was tom by gunfire, exploding tear gas bombs and flying bricks, sticks ?0 d socia bottles. Allen still was m the midst of it, caught in a crossfire. A'S newsmen and police scampered from the rain of bricks and bottles, Allen ducked behind the armored police riot trucks but minutes later was again approaching Negro groups to disperse them. LIFE ENDANGERED Later he scoffed at the idea that he had placed his life in danger. " The only thing you think of A number of Negro y o u th s shouted in answer , " Kill the white bastards, kill the white cops." Some of the youths carried large clubs. others rained rocks Continued on Page 6, Column 1 ��r-----··· I -- ~ -- ,.- ,.;,:' ~ ., , - -·-· 4 • - ~ r==== ~ ~ ~ - - ~~ ~ ~ I l: - ' l - ' �7 TELEPHONE Wants you to call Returned your call D MESSAGE D D Is here to see you Came by to see you Left the followin g message: Date: _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a. m. / p. m. By- - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - - - - -- - - - - F O RM 2 5•6 ����l �zc:::, • 1 1I • m PI 1 a: C 1-- z C • 1-- c PI 1 I 1-- zc:::, �I I. "Business is business. I work with white men every day and I get along. But when they start fooling around with my brothers, that's it. I don't care anymore. Long as his skin's the same as mine, he's my brother." -Atlanta Journal, Sept . 7, 1966 Photo: Julius L este r PERSPECTIVE on THE ATLANTA REBELLION Copyright 1967 Aframerican News Service 360 Nelson Street, SW Atlanta, Georgia 30313 Published by The Movement Press 449 14th Street San Francisco, California 94103 Additional copies available from either address 50¢ Text by Julius Lester Photos by Ru fus Hinton Juliu s Leste r Jimmy Lytle In seeking to determine the cause of the recent rebellions * in Atlanta, Georgia , the mayor, city officials and the press looked no further than to the presence in the city of the Student Non-Viole nt Coordinating Committee a nd then closed their investigation. By attacking SNCC the y joine d the increasi ng number of government officials and newspapers who claim that the rebellions of this past summer have not been acts against a s ys tem th at offers a Ii vi ng dea th to black me n, but h ave been only th e result of agitation by Communists and / or bl ack nationa list groups . No evi de nce has ever been put forward to substantiate th ese cl a ims. Yet th ey a re repeated over a nd over aga in in th e face of much evide nce to the contrary. The refusal to accept the meaning of the rebellion s of this past summer will only result in more disturb a nces of the same nature.

We u se t he word "r ebe lli on" in stead of riot , b eca u se it c0 nveys a

tru e r mea ning of what has been occurring. In no ne of the in 'c idents of the summer of '66 did black people go int o white ne ighbor h oods . Their first target was always tbe po li ce . Their second has been wh it e - owned busi nesses in th e g he tt o . These targets h ave bee n chosen deliberately, be ca us e they a re the most visib le s igns of oppress ion in the ghetto . These reb e llions h ave be en co nsci o us political ac t s, just as the s it-in s and picket lin es were co ns cio us political acts. Demonstrations in the g h etto do not te nd to co mply with the accep t able mea ns of protest. To use the word riot gives rise to images of black men running amok, w ithout ca use or reason. This im age does the black man no h arm, because he knows why he's throwing bricks at policemen. It does do a disservice to whit es, though, wh o are n ot given the opportuni ty to understand. �No grievances justify mob action and insurrection." -Congressman Charles Weltner, Sept. 7, 1966 II. Atlanta had many warnings of something to come. In June 1966 there were street demonstrations in Mechanicsville, a black ghetto that is adjacent to Summerhill, the rebellion area. These demonstrations were organized by local residents to protest inadequate facilities . The police managed to quiet th e residents and some temporary measures we re taken to provide adequate playground facilities. In August there were two consecutive nights of incidents outside the Palladium, a black club, in southwest Atlanta, when black people felt that the police were unjustly arresting patrons of the club . In both instances the y tried to free the arrested pad:ies and run the police from the area . In one instance they succeeded. The most direct warning to the city of Atlanta came in a report presented to the mayor in February, 1966. This report was prepared by the Community Council of the Atlanta Area, Inc. , under a Federal grant from the Urban Renewal Administration of the Department of Housing and Urban Redevelopment. It was called "Social Blight and its Causes (with special reference to the blighted areas surrounding Atlanta Stadium.)" This area, in part , is Summerhill-the area where the rebellion occurred , the rebellion for which the Mayor can find no other cause than Stokely Carmichal and SNCC. C: 0 c

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a:: 0 0 ..c: 0.. �III. Atlanta, Georgia is hailed by many as the most progressive city in the South. The New York Times of September 7, 1966 says: The city has been Widely praised as a model for the South in its peaceful acceptance of school desegregation , and its two daily newspapers-The Constitution and The Journalare among the most liberal in the region in racial matters. Perhaps Atlanta is the most progressive city in the South beca use it , more than any other Southern city, resembles the cities of the North . It has its industry , its imposing skyline, an air of affluence , a symphony orchestra, an annual arts festiva l , a major league baseball team, a professional football team, a nd air pollution. If these credentials are not enough to qualify Atlanta as a metropolis of the sixties , it also· has urban renewal. As it has bee n exercised in most cities, including Atlanta, urban ren ewal is nothing more than evicting poor black people from their homes , razing the area and "renewing" it with high cost apartm ents, hotels, motels , and e xpressways. In Atlanta the Ma rriot Hotel , a delu xe accommodation for those who can a ffo rd to be delu xely a ccommodated , sta nds in the heart of what use d to be a bla ck slum a rea, Buttermilk Bottom. Bl ack s lums a re never a nything to brag about. .. shacks, rats, roa che s, ga rbage th at spills out of the cans and into the stre ets beca use the Sa nitation Departme nt seems to collect more on a whim than a sche dule. The shacks and apartments in the s lums that bl ack people dignify b y calling home are usually rented fr om la ndlord s who pocke t the rent and refuse to make re pa irs . If he is e ve r c a rrie d to court for refusing to maintain his ·property acco rding to the building and health codes, the resulta nt fine i s s o low a s to enc ourage him to continue to do nothing. Eve ntua ll y, these "homes" a re conde mned a s unfit; the city pays the slumlord a health y sum for the prope rty (which he has inte n tiona lly a llo wed to de te riora te so it would be condemned a nd bou ght by th e city) a nd th e residents , poor , black powerless, are told they mu st move . The are a is t o be "re newed". T his " re newa l " is ha iled almost as loudl y a s would be an annou ncement tha t J es us was goin g to prea ch a t First Baptist on the third Sunday. T he newspa pe rs procl a im the new s far and wide . The Chamber of Comm e rce pre pa res a new publicity brochure. T he mayor is inte rv iewed on his wa y to th e ba nk with his latest haul of graft fr om this "boo n to th e c ity . " The victims of this "boon", blac k people, rece ive the he a rtfelt s ympath y of city offic ials a nd are kno wn throughout hi s tor y a s the "ine vitable victims of progress." (Afte r a ll , didn 't Jesus Himse lf l ay the cornerstone for capitalis m whe n he sa id , 'A nd the poor ye shall always have with yo u .'?) But a few ca n 't be a llowed to hold back what is good for a ll , we are told , s o th e y pa ck up their clothes and belongings a nd move in to a n a lready overcrowded part of the city . T his is the urba n re newa l blue print from city to city across America . Atlanta has fo llowed it c onscientiously . "I don't care how many buildings they put up. They ain't for us ." -Resident of street in ph oto to author . �J ] IV . "I'm running this city,,, There're a lot of people in it who're not very good, but I'm running it," - Mayor Ivan All en, At lanta Const itu tion , Sept. 7, 1%6 There was much e xc itement in the halls of the Chamber of Commerce when ta lk began abo ut the possibility of Atlanta acquiring a major l eague bas eball team . You can't be a big le ague city without a ball team a nd Atlanta wanted to be "big lea gue " . An 18-million-dollar s tadium was built s o that Atlant a could be . The bl a ck victim s of thi s s te p toward progress were forced to move without any hous ing being provided for that which was to be dest royed. L ike refugees from the conflagration of a wa r the y didn' t understand , they moved into Sum merhill and Mechanics ville . Prior to the e rection of this hous e of progress, Summerhill was not considere d a slum, although the trend had begun due to the changing e mployment opport unities and the aging of the hous e s. According to the Community Council's report: This deterioration h as been accentuated through clearance by reduci ng the available lowincome housing·-units. This increased demand for housing has resulted in a further division of old houses into several apartments and in a more widespread doubling up of families . One of the most common remark s to our inte rviewers by long-term re sidents concerned how rapidly the areas nearest the s tadium have changed since the clearance . The doubling up and increased pressure for housing caused "a good many of the s table people to move away . " During the four months that we have been talking with people in the area closes t to the s tadium , the interviewers ha ve observed an extremely high turnover among renters and a loss of homeowners ... Many of the area s surrounding clearance s eem to become little mo re than temporary qua rters for people who are constantly forced to move. Thus , clearance and relocation , without careful cons ideration of the effect on neighborhoods , has a sn owballing effect in the destru ction of the surrounding areas. That is Summerhill, expendable , as black people have always been. �f V. To many, including Mayor Ivan All en and Mr. Ralph Mc Gill of the Atla nta .Constitution, it is possible fo r someone to ente r a n area with a soundtruck, shout "Black Power!" several times a nd people will knock each other ove r getting out to the s t reets with bric ks a nd bottles i n the ir ha nds . If the Mayor a nd the press a re t o be believed , this i s actua lly wha t happened. A re bellion , howe ver, cann ot be induced by some witch docto r na med Stokely from the s tone-age SNICK tribe. Rebellions ha ppen beca use people know no other way in which to ma ke themse lve s heard. T hose who de mons t rate with Molotov c ocktails a re not people who can go to c ity pl annin g c ommissi on hearings a nd hear thems e lve s discus sed as an it em in the budge t. A re be llion i s the la nguage of those who must ta lk t o the deaf. The report by t he C ommunity Council was prepa red in language that the Mayor could hear a nd understand. In the a rea a round the stadium 8 to 12% of the families have annual inc omes of less · tha n $1 ,000 Another 15-25% have incomes betwee n $1,000 a nd $2,000. Educ ation s h ows a simil a r pa tte rn: 5-10% of the adults ha ve ne ver been in school. Another 20-30% have ha d le ss tha n 5 yea rs of educa tion. About one-fourth to one-third of the children live with only one pa re nt. The infant mo rta lity rate is betwee n 40 a nd 50 de a ths pe r 1,000 live births, twice a s high as middle cla ss areas . The ir streets a re unpaved ; the school s are muc h more crowde d; the e nforcement of sanit ation , ho us ing and other s ta nda rds is muc h less stringent; in man y nei ghborhood s s treet li ghts are virtually no n-existe nt. . . Cou pled with t he absence of services have been many unfu lfille d promises to improve condit ions. Bond iss ue s have been sold on the promises of improved school s o r s tre ets or pa rks, but the s e servi ces h a ve not mate rialized. P ublic officia ls have stated the ir desires to improve this or that si t uation , but conditions re main e s sentially unchanged. It s hould be no s urprise that mos t people simply do not believe the be nign express ions of good intent made by local officials. our summers of riots are caused by America' s winters of delays." 11 •• • - Martin L uth er Ki ng, Jr . At lanta Journal, Sept. 10, 1966 " �VI. "The Atlanta Community-Negro and white-will be making a sad mistake if it writes off Tuesday's disturbances in the South Side as a plot of outside agitators, to be dealt with by replenishing the police department's supply of tear gas." -The Counci l on Human Relations of Greater Atlanta, Inc . Atlanta Constitution, September 9, 1966 The summer was almost over and Atlanta was about to relax, because "niggers ain't never been known to riot in the winter." The day after Labor Day a white policeman shot a black man suspected of auto theft. (Given a chance he could have proven he had borro wed the car he was driving. ) "The ambulance come to take him off and he lay down there ," said Mrs. Marjorie Prather, mother of the victim . "My other s on and this other police was about to get into it out there . He wa s saying, ' I know you didn 't have to shoot him. You didn't have to cause this. You could ha ve caught him cause he wasn't running that fast.' And some of the people told me that when the policeman shot him once , he said, 'Lord , let me make it back to the house. Let me make it back t9 the house. ' I told the policeman 'You didn 't have to do an ything except take a long step to catch him , but you didn't even try·. You were too busy s hooting at him'.' Thus, it began. How many other times had wh ite policemen shot black men? How many other times had white policemen beaten black men and taken them off to jail? How many other times? But this time was the one time too many. In Cleveland it was not being able to get a glass of water in a bar run by a white man. In Watts it was the simple arrest of two men on a traffic violation. It's always something that has happened an infinite number of times before, but on one occasion it becomes the proverbial straw breaking the camel's back. �"You go home and eat a big steak with mushrooms, while we has to go home and eat sardines. Let us go home with you." -Atl anta Constitution, Sept. 12, 1%6 VII. , No matter how many times the city of Atlanta and the press scream that SNCC was respon s ible for the rebe llion, the black people of Atlanta know that SNCC did not des troy h o~es for hot els , mote l s , expressways and a ball s tadium . The y know that SNCC did not fo rce the se people to move into Summerhill , Mechanicsville and other a l ready crowded are as of the city. They know tha t SNCC does not set the exorbitant prices bl ack pe ople are forced to pay for groceries in the ghetto s tores o wned by whites . Yet , Ivan Allen s ays SNCC is respons ible for the rebe llions. Thos e black men he has bought off with tea a nd c ookies can say, a s did the Rev. Otis Smith, "Our main c oncern i s Stokely Ca rmichal. Whethe r or not we have a riot is up to him . " . The Re v . William Holmes Borde rs can s a y, " We 've got to s top him before he s tops us. " Dr. 0. W. Davis can s ay , "Mr. Ca rmichal is an albatross around our necks.' ' Like Shadrach, Mesha ch and Abednego, Ivan Allen a nd the city of Atlanta a re in a fiery furnace , but they do not feel the heat. It is not, howe ver, the grace of God that keeps t hem from feelin g the flame s. It is their own inability or unwill ingne ss to respond to des pera tion a nd des pair. Rather than recognize this , which would be no sha me, the y launch a ve ndetta against SNCC . Whether SNCC lives or dies i s not important, becau s e the black c ommunity will continue to fi ght unti l a s ociety i s c reated in which the black ma n will be able to fulfi ll him s elf. In that society there will be no place for the Ivan All ens , who think a city' s image and progre ss can be s eparated from the peop le of that city . P h oto : Jimmy Lytle ��Ann-· This was being handed out tofay at corner of Marietta and Forsyth streets by a negro girl. Henry Bowden I _ I _ I II �LAST MONTH / JULY S M T W T F s 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 31 4 5 6 111213 18 19 20 25 26 27 7 14 21 28 1966 s M 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 29 NEXT MONTH AUGUST w 2 3 9 10 16[17) 23 24 30 31 T 1966 T F 4 11 18 25 5 12 19 26 SEPTEMBER s 6 13 20 27 SMTWTFS 4 5 6 11 J 2 13 18 '19 20 25 26 27 1 2 7 8 9 14. 15 16 21 22 23 28 29 .30 3 10 17 24 I/ WED. 229 · 17 AUG. WEDNESDAY,AUGUST17 -136 �93'7P EST DEBS36 DE ARA255PD ANN ·atiROOR MICH 16 '750P ES1' PIA 'YOR IVAN AlJ.EN JR CITY )(A_LL ATLA VE PRDT£ST U ILLEGAL ARREST OF S1'0K1£Y C~RMICKAL 2> ATTE'MPT TO S'ITr PUBLIC 81.AflfE FOR REC£Nt RIOTS fllOM £STU3ILS\ttD POVER STRucrtrltE TO SNCC VHICll lS. IJOING N3ST IEUVANt WOK TO CP.EATE ·NDI l:~ID C:OOD SOCIETY l> ATT£MPT TO DESTROY S.NCC BECAUSE OF ACTI'\'t --.

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l '--"fl'v' �226A EST SEP 17 65 AA09} ~ - ·--"-/ · '. ,,_ __ A LLC21 NL PO 11 EXTRA ATLANTA GA 15 -THE HONORAll..E !VAN ALLEN Cil'Y HAL.l ATU I M GRATEFUi.. FOR YOUR COORTESY NO HOSPITALITY HOIIEVER KTffi -_,. I PSEETIIIG TOOAY VrTH YOUR FINE POL1CE CH?a:' JEMING THE OAY INVESTIGATING ~ICE DEPARTMENT THAT SOJ11£ OIGOTEO rtatBERS <F THE ATLANTA POLICE OE?AR~T Mt S0LEL Y RESPOl«>tS.E FOR THE CRISES lN TOUR CITY. I A~ OIS!V.YED Af.O SHOCKED AT THE Yll.E RACIST TTP£ SUPERINT'Et«lENf CARROt.l AT l>£ FULTON COONTY JAIL ¥HO VOOLO N0i ALLOW llf£ TO YS!T THOSE PRISONERS. _,_ CCH-"lNEO THERE AS A RESULT Of nE" RE.BELLI~ ·/,,-S ih~;:.:. 1,·_ c., .•_ . . ntE AEV A IIENHU.. INITM CHAUIMAN tWl.!tl crn.'ZENS I r C1t co,,mvNrrY ACTION ~IRESSl\1! NEV YaftK :TAT~ _BAPTIST cONYENTtoN _:..~ ~ELL H0USE HOTEL ~TLANTA. y ·:i- ~1 <-'..__ 1270 (t-5 1 ) ... -·~ 1 • 1~;':_~__. ~ J ··-t �GEORGIA ASSOCIATION OF JUSTICES OF THE PEACE • AND CONSTABLES, INC. P . 0 . ADDRESS B O X 18 13, A T LANTA, GEORGIA 3 0 301 A Resolution We, the Justices of the Peace, and Constables from every part of the State, in meeting assembled at the State Capitol, hereby express our deep concern over the disturbances in our Capitol City in recent days by persons not really concerned with the welfare of all ·o ur citizens. As Judges and Law Enforcement Officers, we deplore any violent rupture in the peaceful life of all people within our State. Particularly, we wish to commend the Honorable IVAN ALLEN, JR., as Mayor of the City of Atlanta, for his forthright and courageous stand in this matter, and for his outstanding leadership and personal command of the situation. Let a copy be furnished to Hon. Ivan Allen, Jr. AND to the news media. ADOPTED, this 19th day of September, 1966, at the House of Representatives, State Capitol, Georgia. Georgia Association of Justices of the Peace and Constables, Inc. �- "T- · .. . . ' ' . LACK .. y , ••~ . l ,, ' '. . '1] .. , ' !1JOOO[Q) • . f . �COOPERATION-NOT COMPETITION: COMM UNITY - NOT THE INDIVIDUAL. 11 11 From Poolhall P.-ddress De livered at It, Miesissippi ( February 2, 1960) "Keep your cue- stick chalked, 11 -Junebug Jabbo Jones- �Education, as it: is now constituted, is a disruptive force to the needs of Afro-Americans and the Afro-American community, To focus on this thesis, it is necessary to discuss the beginnings and history of Negro education. The first schools black people attended, were slave breaking schools, where black men, women and children, would have their spir-its broken in order to make them into obediant servants of their white masters. The history of our education in the United States cannot be separated from this fact. In Africa, Asia, etc., education grew out of what people had to do in order to survive and the need for one generation to pass on to the Rext the knowledge acquired through experience. But in America, where white men and black men met, this was not the case. In America, some men were taught to be masters, and others were taught to be slaves. Mass edu:: ati on in the United States grew out of the need to rationalize racism and exploitation in the United States . It i s important to understand this if we are to begin to effectiv ely deal with the problems of edu::ationwe face today. The first Negro colleges were set up for the half-breed or !!illegitimate" children of whi te slave owners. understood then, as he does not.r, Afro-American community. the nec~ss1'ty The white man of spl:tntering tJ1e The most effective mechanism for affecting this has .been the tttt.!8ht- arrl bred-in orientation towards a white culture projected as superior. �There are many historical examples of how Negro edte ational institutions have abdicated their respohsibilities to the Afro-= . \ .American cbrnmuni ty, am embraced the concept of white supremacy. During it's early days, Howard University required you to submit a picture of yourseli before you w~re admitted. Of course, the , ,I picture established yollt Golor crec1entials. ,t;If white, all right; if bladki bet back;" al6ng with the tr palm test" i--the palm of your \ I hah1 had th eome damn d1ose tb the color of your face in order for yob to get i lnl At F!sk University, the Fisk Jubilee SiI~ers were "happy ahd satisfied," educated darkies, in the finest of white cultural trad ition; and to this day are acclaimed for establishing much of the prominence and validity of Fisk University. They sang before Queen Victoria of Bri ti an (which at thr t · time was the major colonial force ' oppressing our colonia~ brothers and sisters around the wor1d ...--11 the sun never sets on the British Empire, 11 11 take up the white mans burden" am that sort of rot) --- and were acclaimed great because th ey sang by white standards (four part harmoni es, round ed tones, and pr oper diction), am didn't pat their feet, shout, and get happy- -ya 1 11 know, embarrass the race. Booker T. ~Washington and his policy of accommod ation is another example of Negro education. Tuskef;iee Institute was attempting to provide Negroes with "industri al education11 • At the beginning of the 20th Century, the industrialists who financed Booker T. kr:lliW industrial education was not going to do the black �man any good. It was outdated arrl could only keep the black man in tasks of menial, servile, labor. Today, there is a statue of Booker T. on Tuskeegee 1 s campus, in which he is supposedly raising the v&'.1:1 from over the head of a young Negro who is kneeling. At least some people say that he is raising the wil; probably he is lowering it. But, supposing for the moment t ~at he is raising it, that statue f ·-.flds as a symbol of the fact of Booker T. 1 s acceptance of the j dohc ept of Afro-Americans' inferiority- that Afro-Am~rftans had toi be raised and uplifted to the level of whites. Ih oth ~r words, Booker T~ tva~ a white supremist (an insidious example . of the white ,j war to annihilate feelings of blackness is found in the number of 1,, Negro schoo i~ Ht3med Booker T. Wash i hgton) i I I I I ' .

At <Net y leve l , f.he history of our educati on has he~ motion I towards wht~~ start1 etds cuit ure~· ot a white posture, wlii ch was t;:j;f somehoJ sup~o§ed to be s Jperi or l . I Educ ated Negroes -were set up as a s ~patate class, the model toward which the community should aspi re i n order to be consid ered 11 civilized, 11 or on the way to progr ess. Negr o progress is measured by its closeness to total i mitati on of the -whi t e mode l . Another exampl e of the orient ati on towards whiteness- i s

reflec t ed in the ori entat ion of freshm an males at Howard University.

On the first night of residence, fr eshman males are gathered on top of Dr ew Hall and warned of the dangers of the surrounding community of northwest Washington. 11 Bl ock boys" beat up Howard men, r ape gi r ls and steal, the students are t old . The are f urther t old, that �if they have . to go out at night (to be avoided if possible), try not to go out alone. ' Avoid community parties. Always, the posture I of the university is how to defend yoursGJ.f from that savage, wild, uncivilized community. • those niggers. They are saying in fact, "yott':re better than I You might get your picture in Eboey Magazine." I' this is a double tragedy, because 1) Howard University students are subject to all the ciliove dangers. Howard is an alien in what . • •I could be a resp6nsive community; and 2) given what it is oriented I I to, it seems impossible for Howard to change itself in order to become relevant to the needs of the Afro-Americ~ns community around ! it. Therefor~, it stands as a source bf frustration !n the eJes of the A:fro1...Ameri ~an dommJni ty that surrounds it, subject to the host ili t y t hat f lows from what it (Howard) denies. Howard is typic al of Negro schools. To describe them in terms of what they r eally are is to call them is~snds of whiteness in a sea of blackness. These schools relate to the white community, and feed individual Negroes into the white community, that is they t each these i ndividuals how to step on the backs of their bl ac k broth ers, "up" towards wh itey, and/or act as a buffer and transmit th e 'tJlite mes sage and c ul ture into the Afroc:American communi t ies. In a real and profound sense, Negro schools are only i nportant as t hey rel ate to the whi t e communi ty. They t ell the Afro-American peopl e that you are inferi or; that yo u have noth i ng to offer; t hat you are rot worth giving anything to. Negro educational institutions are very much vulnerable to questions f.'rom Afro-Americans as to why th ey should be allowed to ~ist if they continue to play such a destructive role in our community.. -4- �If we accept the proposition that Negro schools are -whiteoriented, ard geared not to th~ neea of A1r6-Amerid~hs, but to the needs of white supremacy, then to examine Negrb edt.rl a.ti on is also to ekamine in part the nature 6£ education in this country. I. . The - idea b:t education as a magic key that unibcks the door, that gives you entrar.ce into the chambe~, that has tHe tuttons, that runs . things, is a myth, us in our place. The educ ad on tHat tve get i~ designed to keep For irstance, in Cctober, when Stokely Carmichael was invited to speak at Fisk as a gu<fat lecturer by students involved in the honors program; the white people of Nashville put pressure on acting Fisk President James Lawson to cancel the engagement. Knuckling under to pressure, Lawson cancelled the engagement on the supposition that Carmichael's presence would be disruptive to the campus ard the city of Nashville. We have to urderstand that education is exclusive. The persora who are educated, or the children of the persons who are educated, have the best chance of being edt..-cated. does not expand very much. ~Q this exclusiveness. In white society, class is important In the Negro community, caste and class are ~P.Y to this exclusiveness. to white ~Q And, as you know, those closest of the highest caste. Ed"tCation a myth. That circle ~.:S a key to running things in the country is also The nountry is run ~.d:f'ormally and the first requirement is no", a college degree, but a white skin. How maey presidents of mc\_:Or corporatioris have you s een ~ve-rt.:i sed for? They are bred. �I Tuey meet certain social, as well as ed~eational requ rements! If ~ . they have a college degree, it is because socially, It's required these days. And us scuffling niggers is just out here, believ.tng all the stuff the man says about up', 1get a degree arrl work your way like the brother in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man who on seeing the contents of an envelope given him by the President of what might be Tuskegee, saw: "Keep this nigger running." Toe motion of the so-called civil rights movement around the question of edteation has been on the assumption thlit Negro schools were inferior in this society. for the teachers. The facilities were poor The teachers were poor for the students. The students were culturally inferior. Finally, in 1954, the u. s. Supreme Court decided that us poor cullud folks could go to the superior white folks schools. They did it for us, they say, however, in many respects the 195h .S,.q.:rcmC? C'.0111't . deuieion marks a new stage in the United States program of International Pacifi.-a-t-.iou. Faced with a world-wide struggle against westerm imperla- lism, the u. s. had to project an appearance of resolving the contradiction between it 1s claims as a representative of "democracy', arrl "freedom", and it 1 s domestic policy of racial exploitation. Needless to say, the hypocrisy of that move is reflected today in both the Vietnam war an::l the situation of Afro-Americans. The white schools decided to integrate with speed". That is, about 4 or 5 years apart. II all deliberate We were supposed to be most appreciative of this opportunity opened up to tS through the II good" graces of white society. Halleluah, we could all go to white schools. -6- �We began to feel as if we had to push as many Negroes as we could into these schools, in order that they get the information that we felt whites were getting. This was vitally necessary to functioning in the white society. The whole Afro-American community was kept in motion, directing our energies towards the responsibilities necessary to allow individuals .from our community to function in the white mans society. Several thi~s happened in regards to this integration effort. There was massive resistarce, especially in the south and in the north when we came in great masses. became all black. Fo~merly all-white schools We began to realize that if we ever wanted to integrate with whites, we would have to chase them all over the country. The south in macy instanc es put up [hysical resistance.

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In order to make it easier on the whites, in some northern areas it was proposed that a few black students be bussed out of the ghetto before dark. Sort of a daytime whiteness attempt. And in the south, we were asked to ignore spit in our faces, mobs around our children ard bombs thrown at our homes. On the col lege level, the effort of Negr o colleges is to become as "good" as white am , therefor e, schools like Harvard, Yale, etc. are being used to evaluate the needs of Negr o educ ation. One result of t hese kinds of evaluati ons is th at the President of Howard University has recommended that within five to ten years, Howard become 60% white in order to be able to compete with white schools. In essence he was saying that it was impossible for a Negro school--that is a school for those of African descent, a black -7- �school--to measure up to white schools; therefore, these schools must be flooded with whites, who 1s presence by definition would brir:g superiority. Another development in regards to Negro colleges is the concept of pairing. Prioceton takes responsibility for Miles, the University of Michigan for Tuskeegee, Brown for Tougaloo. These schools irould corre{;t standards, design a better curriculum in f- c: nns ci.1 n a ti onal edttc a.t i onal st andards. Whiten them. Brothers an:1 Sisters "First there is a tragedy, then there is a farce". The deep crisis in education that we face today flows from a much broader and profound political problem that pervades every segment of the black community. In a ]itiase, we, blacks, control none of the resources and institutions in our communities. And, until ~e can begin to move to exercise this control over our lives, anything else is an exer cise in futility. Ed~ation consists mainly of t wo factors: indoctrination to a certain poi nt of v i ew (e.g. the slaves we r e civ i li zed by being brought here; the I nd ians were savages and destroying them was tami r.g the west); arrl the accumulation of factual infor matio n (e.g . the s un is~tn the sky - water is wet). However, our indoc trination in many r espects determines wh at i s fac t ual . For example, you would laugh if we said that England wasn' t discovered unti 1 t he first time Sekou Toure, President of the African country of Guinea, first set foot there, but we accept the idea of Columbus' discovery of America, despite the fact that pilq:le were here to meet him. - 8- �• - Columbus, a poor navigator at best, accidentally got here trying to get to India ar.d he died thinking he had made it to India. We are only educated in our schools, but the white attitude also breaks into the Afro-American community through television, radio, movies and magazines (both white and white aspiring-dig Ebony); through advertising such as Nadinola, Silky Straight and the white knight that drives out dirt. In fact, we are overwhelmed. It is safe to say that every device for indoctrination irx::ludi ng institutional education is used to lock us mentally within the white prison of western civilization. If we are to survi"':~, we must break the chains that bind our minds and bodies within the prison of western civilization. We must, ~therefore, build within our communities, educational insitutions that allow us to locate and utilize in our own interests, the resources that we have as a people. This effort, which we must all commit ourselves to, will be resisted, as it has been historically by this country and her sister countries of the West, who 's committment to the protection of white supremacy prevents an urrl erstanding of human rights and r.eeds. We want to begin now, to bre.ak out of a very negative concept of ourselves an::1 of our possibi liti-es taught us as a result of our American captivity. •' We should urderstand that thile th ere world wide oppression an::1 exploitation along color lines, there is strength for us in the struggle against the oppression. For we, the oppressed, represent 87% of the worlds population. We have outlined a di'seription of white cultural ard educational domination arrl many of you must be asking by now, how do we deal with this? -9- �How do we move as Afro-lIJericans to meet our educational needs? Let us begin to think of a school, international in i tts scope, yet parochial in that it 1s aimed at the needs of Afro-Americans colonized within the United States. Toe thrust of su::h a school would be to break out of the mental barriers posed by western (the u.s. in particular) education. There would be a positive and a direct effort to relate to Africa, Asia and Latin America. Langu99e as a basic communications tool, would be very important; emµiasis would be put on these lengu99es: Swahili and French in terms of Africa; Spanish in terms of Latin America; Chinese an~ Japanese inr:terms of Asia. Coupled with this language learnir:g process would be to travel to countries in these areas to begin to break through the overwhelming mental effect of a life with in the American society who-iif every fuoction is controlled by whit es. We need to begin to conceive of our community light. in a different Instead of a place to esc ape from, we must now see our lif e, · work, l abor and love, in t erms of th at community. With t his different attitude toward s our community in t erms of our life work, we mus t begin to get specifi c technic a l s kills directly r elevant to the AfroAmerican c ommuni ty. Spec ific t echnic a l ski l l s gotten by indiv iduals should be seen as c ommunity resources rather than individual profit; for true profit for the indiv idual flows from t he profit of his community. Medical care and health for example, would be organized as community programs, not as lucrative private practices. Technicians would see as a part of their work, the organizing and eocourage\ ment of their communities to tap it 1s own resources in it's own mr~~e.$t~. -10- �For in the fh1al analysis, education is not a gathering of intellectual skills, but a preparation for participation in living; and life is lived with people and community. Integral to the purpose of this kind of s&.n ool, is the shedding of our inability to understand in anything other than - western cultural standards. The west is not the culture, but a - culture; one of many and in many ways more primitive than most. We, asAfro-Americans, mt.JSt choose on which side of the color line we stand. We have, in fact, only one choice. choice is made by the color of our skins. LET US NON FREPARE. Copyright 1967 Student Voice 36o Nelson Street, s. w. Atlai~-~~ Geo't'gia 30313 The �STATEMENT BY lVAN ALLEN, JRo Sentencing of William Jame to Life February 9, 1967 The conviction of William Haywood James for the murder of Hulet Varner, Jr. iB proof certain that all per ons are equal before the law and subject to the demand of the law in the City 8£ Atlanta, Georgia.o On September 11, a few hourt after the shooting of the youth, I reminded the people of this city that Atlanta 1 · effotta which have been unexcelled by any other American <:ity, to eliminate racial prejudico and inture the Negro citizen of equal ri.ghte and opportunity. Thie cannot be accomplished Ol' carried (u,it except under ihe auth.o rity of law and order; and that these two are ins e rable., and neither can · ucc ed without the other. This belief w: · A put t0, it · highest teat in thi . ca e. a teeult, all citizen• of tlanta c etand little atr iahter and el ep . little eaeier tonight. I m inati-\1.CtinS the City Attorney to con£ r with Chief Jenkin• ~ a,..rdin the dlabutaement of the $10, 000. re ard which le to th and convie ti n of 1:he murd rer. ~r t �December 8 , 1966 Mr. Clive S . Koonz Paci.fie Alaskan Land and Livestock C • P . O. Box 963 North Pole. Ala ka Dear Mr. Koonz: In reply to yo\ll." letter of December 2nd rega.-ding the racial di turbance, of Septexnbe.r 8th, I am encloijing a copy of the New York Time magazine. lf you ill r ad the article on page 32, l .ca.n a sure yo\l that this i a £actual a ·c counting of what: happened. Since:rely youra, Ivan All n, J~. Mayor lAJr/br �. PACIFIC ALASKAN LAND AND LIVESTOCK CO INC An Alaskan Corporation ·• . P . 0 . Box 963 - North Pole, Alaska ~{;--c_ /~/ /r 1~ ~7/tt -:29/ /f 6 ~ fl ~;; JJ~ & . ,,,.- . ,,

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' --y t ) ~,"1..h I -:;f-e:,_ ~ ~ I . dv-%.,,;f Yi ·- J ~ ; ~ /l,~r .. cE,yl,£~ ~ -- ~~ o/~,q_,~yzz rf~ · ~-,,,,7 -~ - ~ ~VW- ~~ fo .a0 /a_ ~ h - 0 -~ ~r~ ~ 7 1Y',--1_ ~~7 ' J f ,,,_'.;a 1,..,:- vec·v; , ~ ""--(!_(} t:>-'-1 ~ /LU~ - t_~~:J,._i ~N 7- xfI( �.PROPCSJ,. L FOR AN LFRO-AMERICJ. N EDUC/ ;. TION A ND CULTU RJ,. L CENTER Introduction: Key to the struggle for human rights that b .fro-americans are engagec1 in, is the development of internal strength. Throughout the history of the struggle this need for internal strength has been phrased in many ways: Identity, Dignity, Pride, Black Consciousness. The question then, is how is fulfillment of this need structured and programmed? The culture of a people -- what defines a people internally, is not seen and is constantly in flux. Music, art works, recorded history are all cultural expre·s sions but not culture itself. A positive awareness of the expressions of culture as clues to the nature of what one is is necesq.r y tO" the vitality of any people. P e r haps the most tragic effect of the racism directecl against Afro-am e ricans has been the systematic destruction of our cultural i d entity. A concerte d effort must be made to search out pro- grams that can deal with this denial. L ny program which seeks t o rectify close to 400 years of cultural denial must of necessity be long ranged. U sing their history, lifro- arnericans must define themselves in terms of their aspirations ~ community for the future. The Idea: The Afro-american 6iltural and Education Center would serve two specific functions . school children. During the clay, it woulcl operate for the benefit of pre ... Through programs in dance, music, reading and recr -e a- tion, it would seek to instill at an early age a positive self-awareness. �Page Two P art of this pre-school pro gram wrul d be d esigned to involve the parent s of these children as much as possible. Community support from fin an ci a l to participation. woulcl be solicited anc1 hopefully, this program will be selfsupp orting in one year. In the evening. the center would be run as an .f-:..fro-a.rne rican coffee house. The evening p rogram would feature folk music and jazz musicians, poets. movies. lectures. discussions and debates. Coffee, tea, sandwiches and pastries woulcl be sold an d a small admission fee wruld be char ge d . The concept pf the coffe house is to provide entertainment for the cmnmunity while at the same time engaging in a social pro gra...in with the communit y. Vi7hatever funds a re gained from this effort, will b e turned into the develo::_:, ment of another such c enter in a different section of the ::-i. \' community. hnplemntation: In December o f 196 5, a small coffee shop was o :,enec1 up in I tlanta on Hunter Street calle d the n Lovin 1 Spoonful. 11 It sought to provide the ghetto community of N o rthwest l,.tlanta with the opp ortunity to go to a p l ace whe re both enjoyment of the A fro-american 1 s contribution in many areas of art could be appre ciatecl and discussions of various social is s u es could b e pursued in a relxecl and informal atmosphe re. The high ove r head and the unwillingness of the managers to be prohibitive in terms of money. mad e it impossible to sustain the coffee house. Rent plu s the cost of living even minimally, eventually forced the closing of the "Lovin1 Spoonful." Since closing of the Lovin' Spoonful, s e ver al persons frorri the l's tlanta communit y �Page Three have been discussing the reopening of a similar coffee house. One person has committed himself to the full time operation of it if funds can be found to guarantee on~ year's existence without the worry of rent ancl feec1 costs. Several other persons have volunteered part time help if ever the coffee house is reopened. Lecturers and entertainers can be gotten for the cost of transportation at most. Location of the center will be on Hunter Street, the main street of the Northwest .t:.tlanta ghetto. There is a group of young parents and students who have eicpre ssed interest in the pre-school program. Volunteer help can be gotten from this group anC: at least two full time staff personnel. The main cost in operating this progra.in is material, much of which will have to be clevelo ped. The Student Voice, Incorporated, an Afro-american publishing house in Atlanta, is now laying plans for publishing children's material and it will be available at low cost. Other effective material will have to be searched into through institutions such as the Ban Street School in New York and individual educators. �BUDGET FOR TEE L FRO-.AMERIC.L'l.N EDUCATION /:...ND CULTURL L CENT ER ( l Year) Rent•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• $1800 at $150 / month Food for Coffee House • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • $ 600 at $ 50 / month Subsistence salaries •••••••••••••••••• , $1440 f.,. B. manager of coffee house at $40 per week two persons for pre- school pro gram a.t ~;40 p er week Materials for Pre-school program •••••• $2000 TOT A L •.....••••..•.••.••••..•...•.. $58 40 . 00 Submitted by: Charles Cobb 36 0 ITelson Street S . V! . l l.tl an ta, Ge or gai 30 3 13 �_.. ---···-~-. Student Nonuiolent Coordinating Committee 360 Nelson Street, S. W. Atl11ta, Georgia 30313 688-0331 Fduca -b:i on C.omruit te JrogJ""ru:U ]A, pa.1--Lme u:t; Strait Islanders -- Tbrres --- - ---- -- - - - - Denr ·- THE Education Committee of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating connnitte met Febt1ro-y -1.th.,to the 6th,in Atlanta Ga. Sience Kingston Springs where stokley Cir rnichial was elected chainnan, The Student N n-Violent Coordinating Co.mmittee ho.s been working to deveJ.8pe new and meaningful programs around the slogan mBI.LCK POWER." These steps were. necessary when it became apparent that the nature of the struggle must change. Let's no-tt forget that the edonihmic,political,housing,education and cuJctura-li. conditions of white racism still exsist. ' Your support and' coopera.1fion is needed now,more : than ever. Demonstrate your contim1eing commit~t: ( l) by letting us know what you think of these changes:(~) by devoting a BI!l.A.11 portion of yoan· time doing something for SNCC (3) Pa.a& thim: letter bn to some of your friends,J (4) And by sending a. obntribution t-o SNCC'~ EDUCATION COMMITTEE Yours in the Struggle Fred Mealy Education Coordinator n Vne m an, ,, On• ,,, Vo.I • ~'l'.'&!i!ir �November 18, 1966 Mr . Joe Walburn Area Supervisor Atlanta District Howard Johnson' s 3113 Main Street East Point, Georgia 30044 Dea.I' Mr. Walburn: I am returning the check for $67. 57 which was ent in payment of the statement yOQ malled to the Geo:rgf.a State Pattol. In my previous letter 1 enclosed the statement. We ppreciate your g nerous , s istance in thi matter but cei·tainly intend to pay fo>: the meals. Sincerely your , Mrs. Ann Mo es, Executive Secreta:ry AM/br Enclosur �' ~owA 0Jo1.anson'S "host of the hiDhways" 311 3 MAIN STREET EAST POINT, GEOR G IA 30044 November 17, 1966 Mrs. Ann Moses Executive Secretary City of Atlanta City Hall, Georgia 30303 Dear Mrs. Moses: In response to your letter of November 15, with attached check in the amount of $67.57 , we are returning your check in accordance with our letter to Mayor Ivan Allen , dated November 10, a copy of which is attached. If we may be of further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact me. Yours very tru~ rea Supervisor Atlanta District JW:awn Enc. �• • • �l§l.epnrtn·u~11:t nf JI-uhli.c ~nf.et:g ¥n,t (@ffi.c.e 'lfilnx 14 5.6 J\,t1nnfn t COLO N EL H . LOW ELL CONN ER D I RECTOR November 16, 1966 Honorable Ivan Allen , Jr . Mayor City of Atlanta City Hall Atlanta , Geo_gia Dear Mayor : Thank you for your kind words and we will dupli cate your letter and send it to those who ass isted . If we can be of service at any time , please let us know . With warm personal regards and best wishes , I run Sincerel y , ~ LLC : ee ~~ H. L. COIJNF.R �November 15 , 1966 Mr . Joe Walburn Area Supervisor Atlant Di triet Howard Johnson' 3113 Main Street E t Point, Georgia Dear Mr . Walburn: Attached is the city's check in payment of the to the Georgia State Pati--ol. Sine rely your , Mr • Ann Mcs J:xeeutive Secretary AM/br E ncloaure tatement sent �so 'S SOUTHERN WA DIVISION "host of the highways" 3113 MAIN STREET EAST POINT, GEORGIA 30044 November 10, 1966 Honorable Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor _C ity of Atlanta City Hall Atlanta, Georgia Dear Mayor Allen: Please find enclosed the check that you forwarded to us for payment of meals consumed in our restaurant at 735 Washington Street, S.W., by special Georgia State Patrol detail on September 6 and 7. We certainly feel that the protection offered us , and the outstanding performance of this detail warrants our paying for their meals. Yours very truly, ea Supervisor Atlanta District JW : awn Enc . �HowARD JOHNSON lNc. OF FLORIDA 1415 BISCAYNE BLVD. P. 0. BOX 4541 MIAMI, FLORIDA 33101 TELEPHONE FR. 9 -6541 DATE To- GEORGIA STATE PATROL MAJOR R.H. WEAVER P.O. BOX 1446 ATLANTA, GEORGIA AMOUNT PLEASE DETACH AND R E TURN WITH YOUR PAYMENT DATE OCT 31 1966 REFERENCE INVOICE NUMBER ACCOUNT N U MBER CHARGES CREDITS $ ------ BALANCE BALANCE FORWARD 67.57 - ' IF THE ABOVE DOES NOT AGREE WITH YOUR RECORDS, KINDLY ADVISE US BY RETURN MAIL. ~OWARDJo1-1 nson'S PAY LAST AMOUNT IN THIS COLUMN �~.tq.-ntrtm.e1·tl: .crf W"uhli.c ~nf.et:g ~:ci1r.cr '!!,Ii.c.ctts.c ~iuisi.o-n ®.cO'l'.ght ~htt.c l ~ittrn1 CO L ONE L H . LOWE LL CONNER DIRECTOR 'tJilur.c,ttt llf ~tt1r£.s-tigmilllt tJllux 145 6 J\thtttht 1,1'.!o.c.trrght ~11,rt LT . C O L. E . B . HARB! N DEPUTY DIRECTOR (@ffi,~ Ilovember 14, 1966 dayor Ivan Allen City Hall At l anta , GeorP,ia Dear ~ayor Allen: In compli ance with your telephone request this date, we are enclosing the Howard Johnson bill that was incurred by embers of this Depart~ent dur ing the Vine City i ncident in September . If we can be of service at any time, please let us know . With warm r ers ona.l regards and best wishes , I am Sincerel y , ~~E. B. HAR IN Lieutenant-Colonel - Deputy Di rector

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encl , �- November 14. 1966 Colonel Lowell Conner Director of State Patrol 959 Confederate Av nue , S . E . Atlanta, Georgia Dear Lowell: I would lik to thank you gain for all you did to assi t the City during the disturbance the firet pa.rt of September . It i mo t gr Ufying to me to know I had your cmnplet cooperation and s1.1pport. I wmud be most grateful if you ould .xpi-e my pprec~ toy fine m n. Sine r ly your ,• Iv n All n, Jr. Mayor lAJr/br · �r October 25, 1966 Mr . Kiliaen Townsend 120 North Avenue, N. W. Atlanta, Georgia Dear Kiliaen: We are enclosing City of Atlanta chec k in the amount of $67. 59 covering meal f urni bed th special detail of th G orgia State Patrol on September 6th and 7th. We certainly app;reciati, your a sistance and are particularly grateful for your not billing us for the room u ed by the Stat Patrol. With kinde t personal regard , I am Sincerely, Ivan Allen, Jr. M yor IAJr:lp Enclo ure �LILLER NEAL ATLANTA & BATTLE RICHMOND TAMPA LINDSEY NEW IN"C YORK 1 371 PEACHTREE STREET NE ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30309 October 17, 1966 Mr. Ivan Allen Mayor of Atlanta City Hall Atlanta, Georgia Dear Mr. Mayor: I've been meaning to write you for several weeks to express my pride and that of my family and associates in the job you are doing as mayor. Your physical courage during the recent racial problems, and your political courage at the time of the election returns have strengthened more than ever our support of you and the job you are doing. The months ahead conceivably could be difficult for those who see Georgia in terms of the future rather than the past. Nevertheless, please be assured that there are still many of us who feel as you do and welcome the chance to be of whatever services we may be to aid you in assuring an even brighter future for Atlanta. With best personal regards. REH : dp MEM B E R AME RI CAN A SSOC IATI ON OF A DVE R T IS I NG AGENC I ES �October Zl, 1966 Mies Chri ty Saunders 7 315 J:!oyer Stre t Philadelphia, Pe:rmyylvania 19ll9 De r Mi Saunder : I c rtainly ppr ciate your letter of Octo :r 18th and your gener :U comment about the article in the New Yor Tim s mag zine. Ther is no 011 who would like to h ve th an r · to yowt que tion bett r than I . I can only e y th t harmony com froDl under tanding, and understanding comes from le ming. Sincerely yours, Ivan All n, Jr. IAJ'r:am �Oc tober 19, 1966 Reverend B . M . Weave r First Baptist Church of Chattahoochee 1950 Bolt o Road, N. W . Atlanta, Georgia. 30318 Dear Reve end Weaver: May I express my humble appreciation for the letter from the First Baptist Church of Chattahoochee .regarding the City' position during the recent racial di turbance . lt i through supp0,rt uch a . your that Wi haV' courage to eontinue our efforts ia what we ow i right. With ppreciation, 1 am Sincer ly your , Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor lAJr/br �Jfrirst ~aptizt @qurtq OF CHATTAHOOCHEE 1950 BOLTON ROAD, N. W. CHURCH , Sy 4-4922 HOME, SY 9-1213 ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30318 October 14, 1966 The Honorable Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor of Atlanta City Hall Atlanta, Georgia Dear Mayor Allen: Our church wishes to express thanks and appreciation for your courageous and wise leadership during our recent racial disturbances. we· want you to know of our interest and prayers as you continue to give the kind of leadership that will rid our City of prejudice, hate and violence. We want our City to be characterized by understanding, love and good-will. May you know wisdom that comes from above as you guide our City. Sincerely yours, First Baptist Church of Chattahoochee B. M. Weaver, Pastor BMW :SE Seeking To Know Christ And To Make Him Known B . M. WEAVER PASTOR �PRESS STATEMENT VINE CITY COUNCIL 560 Magnolia S t reet Atlanta, Georgia October 11, 1966 We, the members of ~ the Vine City Council are outraged at the shocking and inhuman treatment of the 10 y oung peopl e b e ing h e l d in the Atlanta Stockade. The se p e opl e have b e en h e ld sinc e August 18, 1966 on charges rangin g from d is ord e rly conduct to Insurr e ction. Their arrests came as a r e sult of their participation in an anti -war demonstration at the Army Induction Ce nte r. On the 16th of Septemb e r, Att. Howard Moor e filed an app e al in the Fulton County Sup e rior Court and on the 21st of S e ptemb e r, App eal Bond was p o st e d for the 10. Jud ge T .C. Littl e h a s r e fus e d to si g n the r e l eas e p a p e rs f or the 10 young p e opl e . We f e el tha t this is a n outrage and a deni a l p e opl e 's constituional ri ght to APPEAL. of thes e We a r e a lso outrage d t h a t t he Atlanta St oc k a d e af t er t he passage of the 196~- an d 1965 Civil Ri ghts Bills is st :i ll racially s egregat e d. We ar e furth e r outr age d by t he i ~huma ~ tr e atmen t o~ t h e se yo u ng p e opl e by gu a r d s and off icl a s at t he Atl ant a Stoc k ade be caus e of t h e ir politic a l be l ief s , and be c a us e t hey a r e Bl ack . We DEMAND the imme di a t e r e l e as e of the s e 1 0 y oung p eopl e on Bond! We fee l tha t it is ir on ic tha t Bl a ck me n who a r e s o r ig i dly s e gr e ga t ed a nd d e ni e d t h e ir constituti onal ri ghts h e r e at 11 h ome " a r e exp e c t e d t o f i ght in t he Jungl e s of Vi e t Nam , a ll t o pre s e rv e t h e Le s t e r Mad d ox At l an t a ( Ame rican ) sty l e of s egr egation. Si g ned , The Vin e Ci t y Cou ncil �October 26, 1966 Mr . A . O . Coc:h~an Justice Court of Fulton County 1332nd G . M . District Z856 Church Street East Point, Georgia Deal' Mr . Cochran: I arn most grateful for the Resolution passed by the Georgia Association of Justices of the Peace and Constables, Inc. It is most gratifying to have your support and 1 wish to ssure you that my efforts will be dedicated to the continuance of a peaceful life for all ouT people. Sincerely yours, Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor lAJr/br �, 0FFI CE STATE OF GEORGIA RESID ENCE 767-8244 761-6367 Justitt- G!nurt of ltulton County 1332nd G.M. DISTR ICT 1332nd G.M. DISTRICT 285.s CH URCH ST. - EAST POINT, GA. A. O. "ANDY" COCHRAN ~ge October 25, 1966 The Honorable Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor, City of Atlanta City Hall Atlanta, Georgia Dear Sir: We feel highly honored to have been asked to pass on to you the enclosed resolution adopted by The Georgia Associati on of Justices of the Peace and Constables, Inc. at their meet ing recently. Respectfully yours, AOC :LAS Enc. ~ IA.. 0. Cochran �JO HN C . BAKER 200 EAST 66 !'C,-STREET October 11, 1966 NEW YORK,N E W YORK 10021 The Honorable Ivan Allen Mayor of Atlanta Atlanta, Georgia Dear Ivan : Just a brief and belated note of most sincere congratulations. Your handling of the tough situation you fa ced some weeks ago warmed the hearts of everyone who sympathize : with you in your present problems . Your courageous, dispassionate and firm stand was admired by everyone . I look forward to seeing you soon. Cor · ally yours, · C.,~ Baker �t October 7 • 1966 Mr. B . F . Buttl'ey Vice President Dobbs House Atlanta Airport Atlanta, Georgia D ar Bill: We have alway considered the people of the Dobbs House our good friends. but we are now more grateful bee use of your generou as istanc during th recent disturbance when you provided coffe for our police per onnel. Many. many thanks. Sincerely, Iv IAJr:am All , Jr. �Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc. Atlanta, Georgia 30315 OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIOENT October 11, 1966 The Honorable Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor, City of Atlanta City Hall Atlanta, Georgia Dear Mr. Mayor: I have no idea how many crank letters you receive, or how many people attempt to tell you how the Mayor's office could be run more effectively. This is not one of those letters . As a resident and an enthusiastic supporter of everything that is good for Atlanta and Georgia, I want to commend you for your forthright and courageous position in the current political quagmire. Your leadership in dealing with the problems existing in the Fire Department further d emonstrated to me that the offices of the Mayor were in very sound hands. As I sat, comfortable and secure, watching you on television being violently shaken from the rooftop of the automobile in the recent civil rights demonstrations, I couldn't help but wonder how many of your critics would have the " guts" as Mayor, to go directly into the fray in an effort to use the power of your office to restore logic and order to the city. I only hope that a situation of this kind making demands on your bravery may never recur. sincere respect and appreciation for the good job you are doing as the Mayor of Atlanta. My Sincere ly, EPS : mb �{;/t, f-;,,, /,.//_7 ( _ I/// ' I I ... I?,,, I / h.// V •ri /'~ 1 £1.111 I'(, ,·ct .h.t '."'l I~ j) ,, ...,..l j /l, ( I, > .~ I {/ , 1 / , , d t.z .. ,,, h,_ . . > A ..J. I r, 11"' - a , I I /) 5,,./' ~ f tG. J. / .- / .,,,,,,.__,, 7 (,.,t .. --n.e }: IR I / ~ Cl r e, Re-- ,~--t- /1;;,.; _, ..e. ~.,,.·7r¥ /:', 1G ),,.,.,.,,,,., J 7. -1,/I '>-t k., '1,,, / l,lr+ J,- if /J. It ,,/6f 1-f.vnrJ /l. ,,.(/1 JI,,,.~ /(cJ/,Jtl-t (' IPtJ~· + Ft1 ~,t r;,,,,.f 1,.-.l! f",,,.., "",,[ 5 t. .,-·-z._ ,tiv,.,,," ./ '" . ·,,,. ~ ~ 1..:,.-c.<-.:~ �THE TRUTH At approximately 1:15 PM Tuesday, September 6, 1966 in Atlanta, Ga. two white cops shot a young 25 year old Negro several times in the back as he was running -to his home ¾ blocks away. The cops were supposed to have had a warrant for his arrest. A crowd of some 200 Black people gathered outside the home of Harold Prather, the 25 year old Black man who had been shot. They were angry because a white cop had shot their friend. THERE WERE NO SNCC PEOPLE PRESENT. WOULDN'T YOU BE MAD IF A WHITE COP HAD UNJUSTLY SHOT YOUR FRI END OR YOUR NEIGHBOR? The 1,000 ·1ocal people demanded that the white cop who had shot their friend be dismissed from the force. The mayor refused to listen. He brought with him 300 white policemen armed with submachine guns, teargas, shotguns and pistols".1H.EY1IROUGllT ALL-OF ~THfS TO SEND UNARMED BLACK PEOPLE HOME. The local people didn't like all the white cops coming into their neighborhood with all that hardware. Wquldn't you be mad if 300 white cops came into your neighborhood and beat you? THE WHITE COPS PU~HED AND BEAT BLACK WOMEN. THE WHITE COPS THREW TEAR GAS (IT BURNS YOUR EYES AND SKIN) IN THE EYES OF 6 AND 7 YEAR OLD CHILDREN. THE WHITE COPS SHOT AT BLACK PEOPLE. THE BLACK PEOPLE HAD NO GUNS TO DEFEND THEMSELVES, SO THEY THREW BRICKS AND BOTTLES. WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF YOUR WOMEN AND CHILDREN WERE BEING BEATEN? SNCC STOOD UP FOR YOU. WILL YOU NOW STAND UP FOR SNCC? BLACK PEOPLE ARE NOW IN JAIL. THEY NEED YOUR HELP. THEY NEED $20,000 FOR BONDS. $20,000 IS NEEDED TO GET PEOPLE OUT OF JAIL IN ATLANTA WHAT CAN YOU DO? 1. SEND A DOLLAR FOR FREEDOM NOW! 2. SEND PROTEST TELEGRAMS TO 1) MAYOR IVAN ALLEN-ATLANTA, GA. 2) CHIEF OF POLICE HERBERT JENKINS ................ -------------------, I wpuld like to contribute to the SNCC Defense Fund. I want to pledge $ _ _ _ _ __ Name _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Make checks payable to SNCC Defense Fund 107 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W. 387-7445 I I I I I I I I I. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 107 Rhode Island Avenue, N. W. 387-7445 �ST_OKELY _CARMICHAEL JAILED IN ATLANTA, GA.! . WHIT,E RACISTS ARE TRYING TO FRAME ·SNCC AGAIN (· STOKELY CARMICHAEL, CHAIRMAN OF THE STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATIN°G COMMITTEE WAS ARRESTED FOR SAYING l°HINGS A LOT OF US BLACK PEOPLE FEEL AND WANT TO SAY, things we are afra_id to say because we know white people are always listening. Sto°kely Carmichael has been talking to his Black Brothers all over the nation, in Watts, Harlem, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Washington, D. C. Here are some of.the things he has been saying: "Black power means organizing to fight fear and the development of "B lack consciousness," selfrespect, pride in the history of Black people, our culture and ou r in stitutions. "If you work real hard, if you sweat, if you are ambitious, then you will be successful. I'm here to tell you that if that was true, Black people would own this country, because we sweat more than anybody else in this country. "They oppress us because we are Black and we are going to use that Blackness to get out of the trick bag they put us in. Don 't be ashamed of your color. "We have to talk about nonviolence among us, so that we don't cut each other on Friday nights and don't destroy each other but move to a point where we appreciate and love each other. That's the nonviolence that has to be talked about. The psychology the man has used on us has turned us against each other. He says nothing about the cut-ting that goes on Friday night but talk about raising one finger-tip towards him and that's when he jumps up. We have to talk about nonviofence among us first. ,"We don't have to be ashamed of James Brown; we don't have to wait for the Beatles to legitimize our culture. "We've been worrying too long about what white people are saying and thinkin g. Black power doesn't mean that we are anti-white, it means that we are too busy tending to our real work, organizing poor black people, to worry about white people. "Black power is a search for a sense of home, for something we can call our own." BLACK POWER (PLEASE TURN OVER) ~.:.~ �• 116 Oa k Str,.,~t ummervill e , Geor gi a Sept ember 28 , l 9 66 Mayor Iva n All en City Ha ll tl.i.nta , Geor gi . ea r 1fa yor All en: I , A t ea cher with sev ente en ye rs ' exp eri en c e , would li ke to congra tul a te you on your pa rt in tryin g to solve th e riot s in Atl ~nt a . In my opini on , the arr est i ng of Ca r mi chael is the most con s truc t ive effort to stop rio ting t hat any city h .3 made . i ty. Peop l e do not riot and plund r i n the i r own i den t- Un l ess they . re caught in the mob spirit, th ey will not l oot and plunder a s a mob do es . To arrest the p er3on who i ncites oth er5 t o lo se th eir identity and be c ~u ght i n t he mob spirit 5eems to be a re as ona ble method in curbin g ~uch a ctions. Ju s tice s u ffered a severe blo w when th e charge against Ca rmichael was le ssened . Yours truly, ~ 0--- ~ Mrs. Wa lter Rich I �D . 0. Form No. 48 (Rev. 2·1iT> · CIVIL SUBPOENA TO PRODUCE DOCUMENT OR OBJECT lltuiteh ~fates ilistrirl Qtnurt FOR THE NORTHEH 1 ..... ••· -, _ GE0RG~.A CIVIL ACTION FILE N o .............. STOKELY CARMI CHAEL , et al., Pla i ntiffs, vs. 10421 No. IVAN ALLEN, J R. , et al., Defendan t s. To HON . IVAN ALLEN , J R. MAYOR, CI TY OF ATLANTA CI TY HALL ATLANTA, GEORG IA 30303 YOU ARE HEREBY COMMANDED to appear in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia Room 318 on at Old Post Offic e Bl dg . in the city of Atlanta o'clock P • M . to t he 29th day of September, 19 66 at 2 :00 testify on behalf of p 1 a inti ff s any and all statements, speeches, memoranda , orders, directions , and other writt en reports or documents in your pos se ssion or under yo~r . co~t:ol, or issued _at your order, relating in any manner to the alleg ed riot in the Summerhill Section of Atlanta Georgi a on Septemb er 6, 1966 . ' ' intheaboveentitled actionandbring with you Se pt emb e r 28, 66 ..............................······, 19......... ~ or · ~if9:~ · · st . ..,... w•.. Claude L. Goza Clerk ··············i=· ··············: z: ·, .........., ' 7\ C,lejk. .....i..:.1.-... ·······-····· ~.•••., By............. .. 8 59½...Hun te r .. N •. A ddress Atl R.nt a, Georgi a Deputy Clerk. RETURN ON SERVICE Received this subpoena at and on served it on the wit hin named by delivering a copy t o h and t endering to h allowed by law.' By..........·········..................................................•...•• ................$ Subscribed and sworn to before me, a day of the fee for one day's attendance and the mileage ............................................................................, Dated: ············ .·······················• 19........ Service Fees Travel ................$ Services ................ Total on at this , 19 Ji'ees and milenge need not be tendered to the witness upon service of a subpoena leeued in behalf of the United States or an officer or agency thereof. 28 USC 1826. 1 NOTE.-Affldavit required only if service ls made by a person other than a Unlt,ed States Mar&hal or his deruty, �September 28, 1966 Mr . Edward D. Smith The First National Bank of Atlanta Post Office Box 4148 Atlanta, Georgia 30302 · Dear Ed: I am most grateful for your letter of September 26th telling me of the many favorable· conunents which you heard in New York. I am most grateful for the support received for our .s ta.nd in Atlanta. Sincerely yours, · Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor IAJr/br �THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF ATLANTA POST OFFICE BO X 4148 ATLANTA , GEORGIA 30302 September 26, 1966 EDWARD D. SMITH PRESIDENT Dear Ivan: I have just returned to Atlanta from a week in New York City. I was up there to attend the 50th Anniversary World Convocation of the National Industrial Conference Board. This meeting was attended by officials of a great many of the major corporations of the country, some of whom I have gotten to know fairly well through the other activities of the Conference Board. I can't tell you how many people came up to me and told me what a fine job they thoughtAtlanta had done in the face of the difficulties created by Stokely Carmichael and his "Snick" associates. Most of these men knew you by name, a nd many of them knew you as "Ivan Allen, 11 not just "Mayor Alle n. 11 You would have been g ratified if you had h eard what the se m e n had to s a y a bout you and what they felt you had contributed to Atlanta and our city's posture in the country. The Hono rabl e Iv an Allen, Jr. Mayor of Atlanta City Hall Atlanta, Georgia 30303 �September 28, 1966 Mrs . G . F. Andrews 767 Collrtenay Drive, N. E . Atlanta, G e orgia 30306 Dear Mrs . Andrews : I a.m most grateful for your letter of September 27th and the clipping from the Daily Enterprise in Riverside·, California. I appreciate your support of our position in Atlanta. Sincerely yours, Ivan Allen, Jro Mayor IAJr/br �CP DIVISION PAPER COMPANY 471 Glen Iris Dr ., N. E., Atlanta, Georg ia 30308 Tel. 524-2681 (404) At l anta , Ga o Sept ember 27 , 1966 . Hon . I van Al len, Jr. Mayor, Ci ty of Atl anta, City Hall, At lanta, Ga o De ar S ir: I am t aking t h e liberty of a t taching an item shown in the Daily Enterprise, Rivers ide , Cal iforni a 9/20/66 , thi s art i cle havi ng been s ent t o me by my cou sin Roy Butler of De sert Hot Springs, Cal i forn i a . Mr. But ler i s h imself a f ormer Atl ant a boy and i s very under s t andab ly proud of our gre at c i ty and i ts Mayor. I t may be someone else h as s ent you t hi s article, however, it was so good the wr i ter did not want you to miss it. May the wri t er also add than she i s also proud of our great city and its very courage ous Mayor o Yours very truly -n i/v.v 0. :;, wv~ ~ Mrs . Go F Andrews

767 Courtenay Dr . NoE.,

Atlanta, Ga . 30306 0 GFA/s �September 26, 1966 Mr. R. L . Galloway 1557 Fama Drive, N . E . Atlanta, Georgia 30329 Dear Mr. Galloway: I am most grateful for your kind letter of September 24th and wish to thank you for your very generous comments . Sincerely you.rs, lvan Allen, Jr. Mayor IAJ'r/br �' Sept. 24, 1966 Hon. Ivan Allen, Jr., Mayor City Hall Atlanta, Ga. Dear Mr. Mayor: Many letters IllllSt surely have come to you since the recent explosion of unrest in this great city. Most of them Illllst have been complimentary. People respect courage. Churchill said, "Never before have so many owed so Illllch to so few. 11 He was speaking of the entire Royal Air Force! I think Atlanta can say, "Seldom have so many owed so much to just one man. 11 Having had the privilege of growing up with you during a part of your earlier years, I am not surprised-but I am, indeed, grateful to you! • J. Galloway 1557 Fama Dr • ., Atlanta, Ga. �Tulsa, Oklahoma September 19, 1966 Honorable Ivan Allen Atlanta, Georgia De£r Mayor Allen; With all the criticism being levelled and all the news media play being given to your recent racial situation, I would like to take this means of expressing my approval (for what little it is worth) of the manner you and your city have handled yourselves. Presently living in Oklahoma, moving there from 4 years in Alabama proir to which I lived for 3 years in Chicago, I have a relatively objective -viewpoint regarding the racial issue geosraphically speaking. I have no .feelings one way ot the other regarding colors or races as such. However, I have learned to harbor very strong feelings with regard to rights v. s. responsibilities and so have very little regard for those groups, regardless of color, who would prefer to demonstrate and protest, rather than work for their objectives. While I feel there many people who symphatize with this view, I certainly had not seen it exemplified by many of our public office holders and political aspirants. For the most part they had capitulated to whatever radical demands that came along and actually allowed . themselves be "shook down" or blackmailed into giving in to demands just to quie~ the noise and minimize any political repurcussions. It was then, especially refreshing to see you exercise restraint while giving the radical elements a chance to quiet the waters on their own initiative, r efusing to talk until the waters were quieted, and then taking firm action when it was proper and driving home the fact that your city was above all else a city of law and order. I'm sure that the great majority of the citizens of Atlanta admired and respected your course of action. My only purpose in writing this letter is to let you know that there~ome of us in other sections of the U. s. who do too. When we have enough men of conviction in all the various public offices, rights and responsibilities will come in the same package and earned, not rioted for. Sinc~rely You5\// ~ - ~· t;/Y.;1-~~ t - - - : : i""'"'-.u.u. G. Vancil (_ ��September 21, 1966 Mr. George Page Corre.spondent - Saigcm Bureau NBC News P . O . Box N 7 Saigon, Viet Nam Dear George: l certainly was thrilled to hear from you and did not realize that you had been shipped ou.t to the Saigon Bureau. l know this must be very timulating signment and wish you God Speed to return afely. I am most grateful for your comments about. the manner in which the racial disturbance were handled in Atlanta. Now that things are all quiet, we can look back in retro pect and e where our efforts of the past aved us !ram what (:O\ll.d have been terrible situation. Taki care of yourself and let u whereabou • know of your Sincerely yours, Ivan AUen, Jr. Mayor lAJr/ r �NBC NEWS A DIVISION OF NATIO NAL BRO A DCASTIN G COM PA NY , INC. 104 - /06 SAIG ON MA.IL: OABLE: NGUYEN HUE , SAIGON, VIETNAM, TEL. 2 /06~ BUR EAU P.O . BOX N 7 NATBROOaS T SAIGON Septe mber 15 , 1966 Mayor Ivan All en City Hall Atl ant a, Ge or gia USA Dear Mr. Mayor: - •, I have been d" stre s c ed to h e ar abou t Atl anta's racia l dis orders. I had hoped Atl anta would be spared such hool i ganism in vie w of the city ' s s ensibl e and progres s ive approa ch to t he race problem. However, when it did hap pen, no one could have asked f or more direct and courageous le adership than yours. I am sure most Atlant ans, i ncluding us "expatr i ates, " are very proud of you. Warm regards, ta<M~~P~~ George Page, Correspondent SAIGON BUREAU GP/suu �September 21, 1966 Mr . J . Willard Marriott MARRIOTT 5161 River Road Washington, D . C. 20016 Dear Bill: Thank you very much for the editorial from the Washington Star . I believe everything is in good order in Atlanta and we are working hard to keep it that way. Looking forward to seeing you when you cmne to Atlanta, I am Sincerely yours, Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor lAJr/br �September 21, 1966 M r . Robert Ward 318 Lindbergh Drive. N . E. Atlanta. Georgia Dear Mr. Ward : I appreciate your kind letter of September 19th, . but you have asked me some questions which I cannot answer, as I do not know the motivations which create compasion and sympathy in people. The $10, 000 reward was offered by public spirited citizens who wanted to express their sympathy and und rstanding. This is of a personal nature to those individuals who came forward and specified th reward. It i a great personal sorrow to m when any citizen of Atlanta is injured or is caused to lose bis life. Sincerely your , Ivan Allen, Jr. Mayor IAJr:am �September 19, 1966 Mayor Ivan Allen City Hall Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Dear Mayor Allen: After reading the article in the Atlanta Journal on Tuesday, September 13 concerning the policeman who was shot in the disturbance on Boulevard while attempting to help the two colored boys who had been wounded, I would appreciate the answer to a few questions that confront us all. Why was it seven days after the disturbance before the public was given the details of what happened to the officer? I am one hundred per cent for the reward of $10,000 that has been offered for the apprehension of the ones guilty of the murder of the young colored boy. This · is just and is as it should be. This was one of the worst crimes ever committed in our city. But why was there not a reward offered for the capture of the person or persons who wounded the policeman, and why was there no reward for the ones who injured the newspaper reporter, or the soldier who was critically hurt by a flying brick while traveling down Ponce de Leon on his way home on furlow? My father Henry A. Ward owned a small store at 208 Georgia Avenue directly across from Cheney Stadium. A few years ago he was murdered in cold blood at high noon on a clear sunny day while trying to earn an honest, meager, living. He was bludgeoned over the head by a robber in his store and the murderer was never even close to being apprehended. My question is this: Why was there no reward for this awful crime? If a reward had been offered maybe a few tongues in that neighborhood would have been loosened. My family never received even a letter of regret from the President of the United States, the Mayor's Office or any word on the lack of progress from Chief Jenkins' office. This does not seem consistent with the way othe r families have been treated in our city, or did my family just happen not to belong to a minority group? �Mayor Ivan Allen September 19, 1966 Page 2 I want to say Mr. Mayor that I admire your courage in dealing with the riots that have hit our city in recent weeks. Eve:r:y law-abiding citizen in our city should thank you for standing for what we all believe and trust as the democratic way of life. In closing, I would only say that as far as protection by the law is concerned it seems to me that we definitely lean toward a double standard. I hope this is not true in the majority of cases but has happened only in my experience. My sincere thanks for your time. Sincerely, Robert Ward 318 Lindbergh Drive, N. E. Atlanta, Georgia 30305 CC: Chief Herbert T. Jenkins �C ITY O F A TLA NTA OFFiCE OF CITY COMPTROLLER ATLANTA 3, GEORGIA September 7, 1966 TO: Mrs. Ann Moses FROM: Howard Ro Green SUBJECT: The following members of the Co Ho Mo C. worked Tuesday night and Wednesday morning at the Stadium: ~ ~~ ,.,.----j'-e rry Kerlin - l J~ Crick ~ ius Waters - u)oLi,,,~ l Slider - ~ ~ - T ~ r - u},di:r~ Cheek ~ ~ l y Hester wct.4, L ~ Bradley ~ -~ Waits Cu~ ~~ r Hendrix - -~ ~~ . Haynes uJa,,/iA-j _M Mo Thomas -~ ~ 1 1 Campbell lJa,5,..- ..-rnrrr Gaines ~ . ~ k Jackson ~ --@_h Crawford ~ t-&vaughn - ~~ ~ e Timbert - ~ - K Lo Dean . - ~ ~ d McClelland d;(c..-.....q7 ~ Smith - ~ i..-errlton McAlvin ~ / ~ R. Green- ~ �CITY OF ATLANTA OFFiCE OF CITY COMPTROLLER ATLANTA 3, GEORGIA 8 September 1966 TO: Mrs. Ann Moses FROM: Howard R. Green SUBJECT: Please include the following names on the list of City Hall Men's Club members who worked at the Stadium in connection with the riot incident: 2:, 0 \ /~ d ( etCe!. \*L• .Callaway ~ pY T H. E. Barnett - Wcv\VL- l}J<"A. Hardwick W~ These men attended the food concession all night Wednesday night and until 9:00 A.M. this morning. Sinc e there apparentl y is no further need for this service, we will not send any additional volunteers to the area. You are certainly to be commended for your devoted assistance during the entire incident and I am sure that everyone, and especially Mayor Allen, is most appreciative. HRG/rf �Septe mber 15, 1966 Mr . Lloyd W . Taggart Box 560 Cody , W yoming Dear Lloyd: How thoughtful of you to write me such a nice note, and particularly when my feelings needed all the support I could get. Frankly, we got by without any major problems in Atlanta, and have had excellent support of 98% of the Negc,o leadership in the city. l think we have now ended Mr . Carmichael forever. I sincerely hope that Mr . Woodruff will give me an opportunity to come back to Cody some day, and with best wishes , I am Sincerely, Ivan Allen, Jr. IAJr:am �80 BUTLER ATLANTA, STREET, GEORGIA S. J . W. PINKSTON . JR. E. S U P E R I N T E N D E N T ROBERT E . SLEIGH T 3 0 3 0 3 ASST . SUPERINTEND E NT WILLIAM L . SHEPHERD ASS T . SUPERINTENDENT FRED M. WALKER C O N S U L Sept mber 12, 1966 Willi m Funer 1 Home Tue r . G • D r Sir : During the night of S ptemb r 6th when w d n m rgency it . _ t iou in our city, we c ll d on you to provl n to atand by t th Atlan St dium in the ev nt th .t o would b required . Your pond d immedl t ly to th c;; of our nl ht Adminiatr tor, r . Horac B rden, t 7:00 P . • nd rem i d r ft r midnight. e r gr tetul to you for providing thi community. poci 1 rvic Very truly yours,~ C)r-(_,6cl--J . W. Pinkston, J"t. p rln

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c: Vllo orable Ivan All n C l ! H r rt J nkin• Mr . ar J . F rio d nt to our T A N T �J. W . PINKSTON . JR . 80 BUTLER AT LA N TA, STREET, G E O R G_I A S. E. SUPERINTENDENT ROBERT E. SLEIGHT 3 0 3 0 3 ASST. SUPERINTENDENT WILLIAM L. SHEPHERD ASST . SUPERINTENDENT FRED M . WALKER C O N S U September lZ, 1966 Cox Bi-others Funeral Home 380 Auburn Avenue, N. E . Atlanta, Ga. Dear Sirs: Duri_n g the night of Sept mbe;r 6th when we had an emergency situation in our city, we called on you to provid an . mbulance to stand by .t the Atlanta Stadium in the ev nt that on would b r quired o You responded immediately to the call of our night Admini tr tor, Mr . Horace B earden, at 7 :00 P . M . and remained lar after midnight . We r e gr _t ful to you for providing thi community. cial service to our cp~~Y =•i J. W. Pink ton, J-r. Superint ·ndent

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cc; Ylionor ble Iv n AU n Chief H rbert J nkin Mr. dgar J. Forio L T A N T �80 BUTLER ATLANTA , STREET, GEO ·RGIA S. J . W. PINKSTON . JR . E. 5 U P E R I N T E N D E N T ROBERT E . SLE I G H T 3 0 3 0 3 ASST . SUPERINTENDE N T WILLIAM L. SHEPH E RD ASST. SU PE RINTEND E NT FRED M . WALKER C O N S U L September lZ, 1966 Paul T . D onehoo Funer l Home 7 36 N. Central Avenue Hapeville, Ga. Dear Sir : . During the night of Septemb r 6th when we had an emergency situation i n our city, we called on you to provid a n amb ulance t o tand by at th A~lanta Stadium in the event th tone would b i-equired. You re ponded immediat l y to the c 11 of our night Admini t:rator, Mr. Hor ce B arden, at 7: 00 P . M. nd remain d f r fte r m i dnight. W r gr teful to you for providing thi s special ervice to our community. Vory truly yours,~ 9!~ eY) J . W. Pink t on, lr. Superintendent

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cc: ,Y'Honor ble I v n All n Chief Her-bert J nkin Mr. Ed r J. orio T A N T �80 BUTLER ATLANTA, STREET, GEORGIA S. J. W. PINKSTON . JR . E. SUPERINTENDENT ROBERT E. SLEIGH T 3 0 3 O3 ASST . SUPERINTENDENT WILLIAM L . SHEPHERD ASST . SUPERINTENDENT FRED M. WALKER C O N S U L T Septemb r 12, 1966 Alfon o D w son Funeral Home 3000 Gordon Ro d , s. W. Atlanta, G • D ar Si r : During the ni ght of September 6th when we had an m ergency situation in our city, we c 11 d on you to provid an am.bul nee to tand by a t the Atlanta St dhun in the ev nt tha.t one would be r quired . You rt, pond d immediately to the call of o ur night Adminiatr tor, Mr. Hor.a c e Bearden, at 7: 00 P~ M . nd r mained far fter midnight. W r grateful to you for providing th i s our community o V,,~ peci 1 ervice to 1 truly y~ur , - L & ' . J. W. Pink · ton, Jr. Superint endent

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cc: .,,, Honorable Ivan All n Chief H rbe rt J nkin Mr . Edgar J. Forlo A N T �J . W . PINKSTON . JR. 80 BUTLER ATLANTA, STREET, GEORGIA S. E. SUPERINTENDEN T ROBERT E. SLEIGH T 3 0 3 0 3 ASST . SUPERINTENDENT WILLIAM L. SHEPHERD AS S T . SUPER I NTE N DEN T FRED M . WALKER C O N S U L September 12 0 1966 H. M. Patterson Fwieral Home 1020 Spring Streetc, N . E . Atlanta., G • Dear Sir : . During the night of September 6th when we had an emergency situation in, our city, we calle d on you to provid an ambulance to t nd by at the Atlanta Stadium in the event th t one would be required. You re ponded immediately to th c 11 of o ur night Admi ni trator, Mr. Hoi- ce Bearden, at 7 :0 0 P . M . and remained far afte r midnight. W are grat ful to you for providing t his our community. peci l ervi c ~: u

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ur 1 / J?w. Pink ton, Jr. Superintendent

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cc: a/Honor ble Ivan All n Chief Herbert:, nkin Mr . Edgar J. Forio to T A N T �80 BUTLER ATLANTA, STREET, GEORGIA S. J . W . PINKSTON. JR . E. SUPERINTENDENT ROBERT E . SLEIGHT 3 0 3 0 3 ASST . SUPERINTENDENT WILLIAM L. SHEPHERD ASST . SUPERINTENDENT FRED M. WALKER C O N S U L September lZ. 1966 Hine Fun ral Home 1258 B nkhead Avenue, N. W. Atlanta, G • Dear Sir : . During the night of September 6th wh n we had an em rgenc y ituaUon in our city. we call d on you to provide an ambulance to tand by at the Atlanta St dium in the event that one would be requir d . You responded immediat ly to the c 11 ot our night Admini trator. Mr. Hor ce B eard n , at 7: 00 P . M . and r m. ined far after midnight. We are r teful to you for providing this O\U" community. peci l servic::e to Very truly your , C):1- L ~'g( J . W. Pinkston, Jr. Superintend nt

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<;c: ....-Honor bl Iv n All n Chief Herb rt J nkin Mr. Ed r J. Forio T A N T �a 80 BUTLER ATLANTA, STREET, GEORGIA S. J. W. PINKSTON . JR . E. SUPERINTENDENT ROBERT E . SLEIGH T 3 0 3 0 3 ASST. SUPERINTENDENT WILLIAM L . SHEPHERD ASST . SUPERINTENDENT FRED M . WALKER C O N S U L September 12, 1966 Bi hop Poe Funeral Home Fairburn, Ga • .Dear Sir : During the night of September 6.th when we had an emerg(mcy ituation in our city, we called on you to provide an ambul nee to tand by at th Atlant Stadium in the event that one would b requir d. You r ponded immediately to th call of our night Admini tr tor, Mr. Hor ce B eard n , at 7: 00 P . M . nd remained far fter midnight. We are grateful to you for providing thi community. p ci 1 ervice to O\U' 91_:y~:; ··</ J. W. Pink ton, Jr. Superintend nt

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cc: v"'Honorable Ivan All n Cble.f Herb rt J nkin · Mr. Eda r J. Forio T A N T �September 21, 1966 A Z/ c James R . Darris AF 14904511 Det. Z, Com Doc AAUS APO San Francisco 96Z73 Dear Airman Hards : l am most grateful for your taking the time to write me your letter of September 17th and I would like to add that it was most heartwarming to know that our m.en in Viet Nam. have such a fine insight into our problems both internationally and locally. Since you are an Atlantan, I know you will agree with me' .that the reason we have not had this problem before is becallS'e of the progress we have ma.de in Atlanta. I sincerely believe had it .not b en for . n outsider who cared ·n othing .about the liv and property of Olll' people, this would have never happened. I wish you God Speed in coming home s fely. Sincer ly yours, Ivan Allen, Jr. M yor lA.Tr/br �CI'I;Y OF A.TLANTA CITY HALL ATLANTA, GA. 30303 Tel. 522-4463 Area Code 404 May 12, 1966 IVAN ALLEN, JR., MAYOR R. EARL LANDERS, Administrative Assistant MRS. ANN M. MOSES, Executive Secretary DAN E. SWEAT, JR. , Director of Governmental Liaison lvlEMORP...NDUM To: Mr. Duane Beck, Executive Director, Community Council of the Atlanta Area , Inc. lvlr. Karl Bevins, Traffic Engineer Mr. Henry Bowden, City Attorney Mr. Charles L. Davis, Comptroller Mr. Jack Delius, Parks General M~nager Mr . C. O. Emmerich, Administrator , Economic Opportunity Atlanta, Inc. Mr. Collier Gladin, Chief Planner Mr . Stafford Graydon, Sanitary Engineer Chief C. H. Hildebrand, Jr., Fire .Chief Mr . John Hall Jacobs, Library Director Chief Herbert T. Jenkins, Police Chief Mr. R. Earl Landers, Administrative Assistant Mr . Ray Nixon, Chief of Construction lvlr. M . B. Satterfield, Executive Director, Atlanta Housing Authority Mr. Robert Sommerville, Chairman, Citizens Advisory Commi ttee for Urban Renewal · Mr. Dan E . Sweat, Director of Governmental Liaison M r . Paul W e ir, v · a t e r Depa rtment General Manager Mr. William Wofford, Building Inspector From: Iva n A lle n, Jr., Mayor S u b j ect: Services t o S l wn Areas Several areas of our cit y cont inu e to d e t e r iorat e in ph ysical condition and in human blight. These areas generally a r e e n compassed in an East-West swath through central A tlant a and are within 1 - 3 miles of City Hall. Urban Renewal has alleviated some of the worst slum areas nearer downtown and several UR and Public Housing Projects underway at �Page Two May 12, 1966 present will provide some relief for additional citizens. But theH past and cur?ent projects have but scratched the surface when considered in the light of total needs. Realistically, we. can expect to move only as fast as financial resources are av$ilable to cope with slum clearance and rehabilitation. With the completion of the Community Improvement Program study, we hope to have a city-wide priority established and the basis for adopting a total program and schedule of action in these blighted neighborhoods • .Present conditions in many of these neighborhoods are intolerable. The citizens who have the misfortune of economic failure or lack of social status and are trapped in this environment must be given relief at _the earliest moment. Therefore, and with full awareness of the City's lack of adequate financial resources, shortage of labor and equipment, and ever burdensome daily work load, I am request.ing a cooperative and coordinated attack on the conditions which exist in these slum area s. In order to test the City's ability to increase and advance services in these neighborhoods I am directing the Department of Planning to inunediately prepare a map for each departmental u se listing a priority of implementation, with initial action i n neighborhoods of greatest need. The following actions are minimum r equirements which must be met by individual departments and/or city .related agencies: l. Sanitation Department Trash pick up twice a week. Garbage pick up twice a week or three times if necessary. Clean streets once a week. Remove abandoned automobiles, Coordinate with EOA to clean up vacant property and the elimination of hazards to children at play. 2. Construction Department Clean out storm drainage. �Page Three May 12, 1966 Clean right of way of debris, Grade and gravel unpaved streets, Patch paved streets, Pave streets on petition basis. 3. Building Inspector A. The Building Inspector, according to the policy established in the Housing Code Compliance Program, will in proposed Urban Renewal areas: a. b. c. d. e. 4. Placard where warranted and seek demolition. Correct hazards and coordinate with the Health Department any unsanitary conditions (Example: water standing in basements). Reduce overcrowding - Liaison with Housing Authority for relocation help. Vacate unfit units. Clean up premises. B. In the remaining areas as designated on the Planning map, step up housing code enforcement to the greatest extent possible without deviating from the established policy. C. Enforcement of Zoning Ordinance. Parks Department A. Equip and staff a massive recreation program using all park and school properties and other land secured under short-term lease. This should be coordinated with EOA to secure funds and com.munity support. B. Maximum development of properly supervised day and evening social activities and recreational programs (Example: evening movies and possibly street activities). C. Coordinate with Traffic Engineer the possible blocking off of streets for recreational activities. �Page Four May 12, 1966 5. Police Department Improve police protection to residents and homes. An expanded crime prevention program. Increase traffic speed control efforts. 6. 7. Fire Department A. An expanded fire prevention program. B. Investigate the possibilities of street showers for children using fire hydrants on a weekday basis, weather permitting coordinate with the Water Department. Traffic Department Install speed control signs. Survey area and provide stepped up street light maintenance activities. 8. Planning Department A. 9. 10. Inform Planning and Development Committee of Services to Slum Areas Program in order to begin implementation of a survey and planning application for the following areas: Vine City, Blue Heaven, Cooper-Glenn and Plunkettown. Law Department A. Determine accelerated legal methods of disposing of junked cars, both on public and private properties. B. Determine legal methods of forcing prbperty owners to clean up their vacant lots. Library A. The bookmobile schedule be increased and expanded in the affected area . B. Branch libraries located within this area be given maximum support and attention. �Page Five M a y 12, 1966 C. 11. 12. Li~r ;,a ry coordination with such activities as Projects Uplift and Headstart to promote and enl!;QUr age max imum use of library facilities, Atlanta Youth Council A. Coordinate the Sur.runer Youth Opportunity Campaign to p r ovide the max imum number of jobs for y oung people in private industry and the public agencies. B. Coope :::-a t ion with the City Parks and Recreat ion D e p a:::-tm e nt, E conomic Opportunity Atlanta, Inc., and t h e Community Council of the Atlanta Area , I nc . to monitor and recomme nd adequate playground a n d r ec re a t ion facilities in the targe t neighborhoods. M a y o r 's Offic e A. Coo r dinate public relations t hrough Citi zens Adviso r y Committee fo r Urba n R enewal, EOA, and t he C ommunity Council giving week l y pr o gre ss a n d s t atus . (Bill H owland) B. C o o rdi nate acti viti e s of n on -departmental agencies (EOA , Hous ing A u thority, utility companies , private grm.i_ ps, Fede r a l and State and County agenci es inv·o lved, You t h C ounc il , etc . ). (Dan Sweat) C. C o o r d i nation of t otal e ffort and City d epartmental ac t i vi t ie s. (Ea r l Lande r s ) In o r d er fo r maximum d e si r ed results t o be achieved , w e m u s t a ll work t o geth er , T he A l derm e n re p r esenting t he Ward s affect e d must m onitor the activities of the i r W a rd , e valuate t h e effe ctiveness of s ervices and make prompt recommendation s fo r change s o r impr o v e ments. It is recommended that non-de p artmental age ncies designate a coordinator who can devote full t i me to t h eir coordinated program. It is recommended that each depa rtment head appoint a department coordinator to work directly in this area. Implementation of this project in initial target neighborhoods will begin immediately. IAJr:fy �Septe mbe r 21 , 1966 Mr . B ob Lynn Extension Area Manager East Central Neighborhood Center 4 86 Decatur Str eet, S . E . Atl anta , Georgia Dear Bob : When you and the gro up from the Boule vard section were in m y office one of the p r oblems d i s cussed was traffic on the residential stre ts in that area . I am advised by t he Traffic Enginee ring Department of the City that the City Ordinance now prohi bits tra ctor trailer trucks from us ing any of the streets which cross Boulevar d except Ponce de Leon Avenue , N o rth Avenue, For rest Avenue, Highland Avenue , Irwin S treet and E d gewood Avenue . Special Trucks Prohibite d s igns are currently pl ced on Morgan Street and Wabash A venue . The Traffic Engineering Department is now -checking the phy ical conditions of the signs on M o rgan Street and on Waba h Avenue and will rrange t o install additional s igns on the other east .. we t l" sidenti 1 streets which cross B e ul v rd in this are.a and · from which tractor tr iler are prohibited in the Ordinanc . As soon a the signs re r pl ced , th Tr ffic Engine ring Department will advi th Atl nt Police Dep rtm nt and I m sur the P olice Dep rtment will t ke appropri te ction. The Sanitary Department nd the Health Dep rtment re coop r ting in th rat b iting program which w s on of the big problems discussed. 1 hope th t th Neighborhood C nter can take some ction on the eugg stion in my lett r to George D o dd on S ptember 15. �September 6, 1966 We are here to protest the latest outrage in a series against the twelve BBck :{:eople now held captive in the Atlanta Stockade for protesting the dying of Black men in the racist illegal War in Vietnam. First of all, the twelve were seized illegally by the Atlanta Police as they demonstrated at the Induction Center in protest of the dying of Black men in the racist illegal War in Vietnam. They were subjected to a "KANGAROO Court Trial" under racist Judge T.C. Little who prejudiced himself by saying that because he had a son in Vietnam who is fighting to defend the principles of this country he had to give the protestors maximum sentences. Thirdly, Dwight Williams was brutally beaten under the orders of Captain Redding inside the jail. Part of this beastiality was witnessed by William's attorney, Attorney Howard Moore. In .keeping with this country's scheme to emasculate Black men, the ten men were forced to shave their beards and mustaches. We know of no law that Black men wearing beards violate. We protest the holding of Donald Stone and Simuel Shutz in the County Jail five days after their bond had been paid. We demand that the five days be cred i ted to their sentences at the Atlanta Stockade. On. Sunday August 4, ~e were not permitted to see Robert Moore and Larry Fox because they were in the hole. Both -1oore and Fox suffer from Hay Fever. Both had been assigned to work in a dusty area which would only heighten their hay fever miseries. They asked to be transfered to a less dusty detail. I nstead, they virere t _hro wn in the hole. This vvas on Thurs day. Fox, who r efus e s to cooperate with the beastial and unjust penal system, has been on a hunger strike since incarcera t ion, August 18. is The stocka de physician a r a cist bi got who ca nnot deal wit h Black Men. Therefore if any of the group gets s i ck , t here is no one to t rea t them. The group is complet ely isol ated fr om the re st of the prisoners. We charge t hat this i s a form of political harassement just as the illegal arre st and sadis t ic beating of one of our worke r s, Robert weaver. We also note tha t the City Jail, Atlanta St ocka de, and the Fulton County Jail are blatantly segregated in spi t e of the 1964 Civil Rig hts Act. If thes e cond i tions are no t correc ted and we continue to get reports of cruel beas tial t r eatment of prisoners, then we will have to re tu rn t o earlie r forms of demonstrations, including sitting in at the ~ayorts office~ �September 13, 1966 Mr • Alice Nixon 703 Cooper Street, S . - • Atla ta, Georgi D ar Mr .• Ni.¥

I appreciat your coming 'by MoD.day morning io pers lly dell er the petition to me from the re ident of the Summerhill nd Mecha.ni.c vill n ighborhood • 1 think you r doing · plendid job with yO\.UI' committee a l am a king Mr. Dan S eat of my office to be vallable to di cus the e matt ith you at any tirn • ith ppr ciati , 1 am Sincer ly yours, l n Alle , Jr. M yor JAJr/br CC: Mr. Dan Sweat I �S ptem· r 16, 1966 c. .?0037 r . Norton~ D Both olficially dp of t e { -r, impar · ber 6, whic oddR oleh

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ppr d ti on f u. • \lt • ff_ tty by t • m y e. on aup r jo fr Sl c :rely, tva Alie • Jr. ay c.". a r a ritin • �September 7, 1966 MEMORANDUM TO: R. E. Landers FROM: Ann Moses Dear Earl: Attached are the two tickets for the food last evening ior the policemen from the Varsity in the amowit of $296.84. You said you would get Charles Davis to pay this . I would like to have _the check in order that I can write a thank•you letter to Frank Gordy. So far I still have two more bills coming ·- one from Yohannan's fior 25 gallons of coffee and some food and the Lowe and Stephens advertising bill which we will send to Sutherland. �STATEMENT BY IVAN ALLEN, JR. MAYOR OF ATLANTA On Civil Disorder in Atlanta, Tuesday, September 6, 1966 The disorders in the s t mmerhill neighborhood in Southeast Atlanta last evening were the result of a deliberate attempt by certain members of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (Snick) to create an incident of this very nature. The spark of violence ignited by a few reckless and irresponsible ./ individuals touched off an explosion of civil disorder that sha:rttered Atlanta's long record of racial amity. ly through the coura eous and forceful action of our police officers was this s ~tgJ, mefui outbreak co restored. Atlanta's o the explosion w as damage was loss of life. I am not taking from hearsay when I say that every citizen of Atlanta owes a debt of whole hearted gratitude to our dedicated police officers) f or I was personally in the thick of the disturbance throughout! thos e fr i ghtful hours of mob hyste ria . No one meed make charges to m e about polic e brutality during this d i sorde r , I saw pl enty of brutality, but it was b e ing us ed a g ain s t the p o lic e o ffi c er s , not by the m . F r om wha t I h e a r d with m y o wn ears an d saw with my own eyes in the center o f thi s m e l ee , I fee l c erta in t hat hdu n d red s of normally good citizens were inflame d out o f the i r n o rmal sense s . T hey were victimized by thos e who $ cc-/t,,f-- �I/ I to incite violence. It is a tragedy that a few irresponsible and misdirected youths have such utter disregard and contempt for their fellow man that they \ VJ place the lives and property of innocent citizens in serious jeopardy. �STATEMENT BY IVAN ALLEN, JR. THE DISO VILLE AREA LAS- WE CAN BE THANKFUL THERE WERE NO SERIOUS 0~ INJURIES. SOME 10 POLICE OFFICERS RECEIVED MINOR INJURIES, MOSTLY AS A RESULT OF TEAR GAS. ASSESSMENT OF PROPER TY DAMAGE HAS NOT BEEN (__,,~7) COMPLETED, BUT IT DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE TOO SEVERE. FIVE CITY POLICE CARS WERE DAMAGED AS A RESULT O F BRICKS OR BOTTLES THROWN THR OUGH WINDOWS. SEVENTY -TWO ARRESTS WERE MADE BY THE POLICE .f "', DEFAR TMENT. CONDITIONS AT THIS TIME INDICATE THAT THE VIOLENCE HAS ENDED AND CALM EXISTS THROUGHOUT THE AREA. THE ATLANTA POLICE DEPARTMENT IS NOW WORKING TWO TWELVE HOUR SHIFTS UNTIL FURTHER NOTIFICATION BY CHIEF JENKINS. ALL OFF - DUTY FIREMEN HAVE BEEN PLACED ON ALERT • . , �PAGE TWO THE FIREMEN ON DUTY DURING THE NIGHT RESPONDED q· PROMPTLY AND EFFICIENTLY TO SEVERAL CALLS IN THE AREA. I MUST AGAIN COMMEND THE MEMBERS OF THE ATLANTA POLICE DEPARTMENT FOR THEIR PROMPT RESPONSE AND HANDLING OF THIS SITUATION. THE CITIZENS OF ATLANTA, AND ESPECIALLY THE GOOD CITIZENS OF SUMMERHILLMECHANICSVILLE, CAN BE JUSTLY PROUD OF THEIR POLICE OFFICERS THIS MORNING. WE SINCERELY APPRECIATE THE ACTION OF GOV . CARL SANDERS AND T HE GEORGIA DE P AR TMENT OF PUBLIC SAFE TY FOR THE BACKUP MEN AND EQUIPMENT PROVIDED TO US. �, ' _ _.. t O F A DEPARTMENT OF LAW 11 14 WIL L IAM -OLIVER BU ILD I NG Atlan ta , Georgia 30303 ROB E R T S. WI GGINS MA RT IN MCFARLAND E DWIN L. STERNE R ALPH C . JENK I NS JOHN E, DOUGHER T Y FE RR I N Y . MATHEWS CH AR L ES M. L OKEY TH OMAS F . CHOY CE September 14, 1966 HE N R Y L. B O W DE N CIT Y / AT TO RNEY LE WI S R. S LAT O N A SSI S T A NT CI TY A TTOR NEY A SSO C I A T E C I TY ATTORN E YS ROBERT A . HA RR IS HE NRY M . M UR F F C L A I MS ,:' T T ORNE VS Mr. Mills B. Lane, Jr., President The Citizens and Southern National Bank P. 0. Box 4899 Atlanta, Georgia 30302 Dear Mills: You can't imagine how much I appreciate your note of September 12 and your offer of financial help in the case of need. I thoroughly agree with you that this matter of SNCC and Stokely Carmichael are problems that Atlanta must meet successfully . We are using every bit of investigative ability that the Atlanta Police Department has in an effort to obtain evidence to insure the conviction of . Carmichael, and Lewis Slaton, Solicitor General, has assured us that he will prosecute the casef ilr rously . ' We shall see what happens . / Yours, ,wi hf! ·indest rega rds , z HLB/ l mw Henry~- Bowden �September 12, 1966 MEMORANDUM To: Chief Herbert J nkins From: R . E rl Lander Ray Nixon, Chief of th Con truction Dep rtment, will have tw nty men lerted at all time to uard the inactive fi-re stations . The m n ·11 be Pl"epared to wor tw lve-bour shift Just a the policem n are no working . H prefer not to submit list bee use of pos ibl chang • from y to day. Ho ver. he a ur u that them n will be vailabl upon call . REL :lp .. ~~ CC : Mayor Ivan All n, Jr. / Chief R y A. Nixon �r STATEMEN_T BY MAYOR IVAN Thursday, Sep mber 8 , 1966 5 :00 P . M . I have LLEN, JR . 'rect d Cit y A tto rney Henry Bowden d Police Chief He1·bei-t Jenkins to initiate imm-=:diate act ion again t and all per ons res pons ibl in South At nta Tu They ar for the di o rders tlir cted t o u e t J"r v ry facility and 1 b l n d the State oi G org~~ nee d pro ecut to th tulle t 1 w any per on invol ved in the unl wful ct· L t th r bich took pl ce d y evening. uthority of the City of Atl nta to appr bend , ny s ry xtent 0£ th tion of thi incld nt . no mi und r t nding about our intention in the apprenh n ion of the l wbr akera . �